Your Progress
In this transcript, you have edited

0 lines

0:02

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

My name is Ingrid McGaughey and I'm having My name is Ingrid McGaughey and I'm having
0:04

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a conversation with Dick Thompson the date is the 18th August, 2011. Dick a conversation with Dick Thompson the date is the 18th August, 2011. Dick
0:10

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

joined the Antarctic Division of the Department of External Affairs in 1950 as joined the Antarctic Division of the Department of External Affairs in 1950 as
0:15

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a supply officer and later also picked up the additional job, of  a supply officer and later also picked up the additional job, of 
0:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Administrative Officer.  He continued working for them until 1960 and much of the Administrative Officer.  He continued working for them until 1960 and much of the
0:24

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

conversation this morning is going to focus on the actual set up of the Antarctic conversation this morning is going to focus on the actual set up of the Antarctic
0:29

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Division in the very early years.   Hello Dick.  [Dick] Good morning. [Ingrid] Dick can you tell me Division in the very early years.   Hello Dick.  [Dick] Good morning. [Ingrid] Dick can you tell me
0:35

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a little bit about your life before you joined the Antarctic Division. [Dick]I a little bit about your life before you joined the Antarctic Division. [Dick]I
0:42

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

was a, an officer of the Commonwealth  Public Service what was called  was a, an officer of the Commonwealth  Public Service what was called 
0:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a permanent public servant. I had started work at age 14 as a permanent public servant. I had started work at age 14 as
0:52

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a telegraph messenger, quite commonplace. That is the great number, the greater a telegraph messenger, quite commonplace. That is the great number, the greater
0:58

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

number of people left school at 14 to go to work.  The Postmaster's General Department number of people left school at 14 to go to work.  The Postmaster's General Department
1:04

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

was by far the largest part of the Commonwealth public service in those days, 60 percent was by far the largest part of the Commonwealth public service in those days, 60 percent
1:10

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

of the public service was in the post office as we called it.  After working out on of the public service was in the post office as we called it.  After working out on
1:16

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the road, riding the road, riding
1:18

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a bicycle on delivering telegrams, I worked inside the Central Telegraph Office until a bicycle on delivering telegrams, I worked inside the Central Telegraph Office until
1:24

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

I joined the Navy in the middle of 1942 and I I joined the Navy in the middle of 1942 and I
1:31

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

served in the Royal Australian Navy as a signalman, that is served in the Royal Australian Navy as a signalman, that is
1:36

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the visual signalman not a  radioman, ah for nearly four years.  All of it the visual signalman not a  radioman, ah for nearly four years.  All of it
1:43

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

in what we call Pacific Ocean areas and I returned to the Public in what we call Pacific Ocean areas and I returned to the Public
1:50

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

service in 1946.   I was back home after nearly 4 years service in 1946.   I was back home after nearly 4 years
1:57

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

service before I was 22.  By then started to study service before I was 22.  By then started to study
2:04

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

and was told by the government that if,  subject to me getting to matriculation and was told by the government that if,  subject to me getting to matriculation
2:10

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

level on my own level, they would send me to, they would fund me to University under the level on my own level, they would send me to, they would fund me to University under the
2:17

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme,  which was available to all ex-service Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme,  which was available to all ex-service
2:22

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

whether they wanted to be a bricklayer or a carpenter or, as whether they wanted to be a bricklayer or a carpenter or, as
2:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a friend of mine was, a radio announcer. And so I did that a friend of mine was, a radio announcer. And so I did that
2:32

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

and I commenced at university to do and I commenced at university to do
2:37

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a degree at the University of Melbourne, that is to do a degree at the University of Melbourne, that is to do
2:39

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a degree in economics.  The reason for that is because it had no prerequisites, a degree in economics.  The reason for that is because it had no prerequisites,
2:45

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

everything else had everything else had
2:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a prerequisite of maths  or physics or Latin.  You couldn't do arts without  a prerequisite of maths  or physics or Latin.  You couldn't do arts without 
2:50

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a language, and I didn't have any languages,  so economics had no prerequisites I a language, and I didn't have any languages,  so economics had no prerequisites I
2:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

elected, even though I was entitled to  full time benefits, I elected to do it part time elected, even though I was entitled to  full time benefits, I elected to do it part time
3:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

which was at night time and Saturday mornings and public holidays.  Lectures started at  which was at night time and Saturday mornings and public holidays.  Lectures started at 
3:08

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

5:15 at night up until about  10 o'clock.  I was 5:15 at night up until about  10 o'clock.  I was
3:14

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a clerk in the post office. Everybody was a clerk in the post office. Everybody was
3:17

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a clerk and also for short time,  in the Department of Navy stores department a clerk and also for short time,  in the Department of Navy stores department
3:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

and I applied for and I applied for
3:26

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a job which had been advertised in the Commonwealth Government Gazette which was a job which had been advertised in the Commonwealth Government Gazette which was
3:32

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

supply officer in the Antarctic Division of the Department of External Affairs  supply officer in the Antarctic Division of the Department of External Affairs 
3:38

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

whose duties encompassed a required knowledge of mountaineering, snow and whose duties encompassed a required knowledge of mountaineering, snow and
3:45

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

ice building, radio, engineering. ice building, radio, engineering.
3:50

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

A great list of things that nobody could possibly know everything about and A great list of things that nobody could possibly know everything about and
3:54

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

desirably some tertiary qualifications unstated. desirably some tertiary qualifications unstated.
4:02

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

There was There was
4:02

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a field, I heard later on, of about fifty applied and I was selected. In the those days a field, I heard later on, of about fifty applied and I was selected. In the those days
4:09

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

there was an appeal process of people who thought they were there was an appeal process of people who thought they were
4:12

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

aggrieved.  I passed that and I commenced with the Antarctic Division in late aggrieved.  I passed that and I commenced with the Antarctic Division in late
4:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

1950.   We were then physically located at what was called Albert Park 1950.   We were then physically located at what was called Albert Park
4:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Barracks in various parts of Australia. Two storey Barracks in various parts of Australia. Two storey
4:32

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

asbestos cement type buildings were built and they were all, while  asbestos cement type buildings were built and they were all, while 
4:39

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

well they were built as office buildings and not as accommodation matters. well they were built as office buildings and not as accommodation matters.
4:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

They were They were
4:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

very similar to identical buildings I saw in Washington USA and.. very similar to identical buildings I saw in Washington USA and..
4:54

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

so down there at Albert Park Barracks which is an offshoot of Victoria so down there at Albert Park Barracks which is an offshoot of Victoria
5:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Barracks in St Kilda Road was various offices of Army and Navy and Airforce Barracks in St Kilda Road was various offices of Army and Navy and Airforce
5:09

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

and one half of the block was the Antarctic Division.  We were very small we had and one half of the block was the Antarctic Division.  We were very small we had
5:15

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a director, ah  Phillip Law. Later on he got a director, ah  Phillip Law. Later on he got
5:21

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a secretary. Ah the next thing there was an acting admin officer who was a secretary. Ah the next thing there was an acting admin officer who was
5:28

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

from External Affairs in Canberra and then there was from External Affairs in Canberra and then there was
5:33

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

your supply officer, responsible for the purchase and supply of all the equipment your supply officer, responsible for the purchase and supply of all the equipment
5:38

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

that was to go away with the expeditions.  That of course included all of the that was to go away with the expeditions.  That of course included all of the
5:45

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

food and all of the radio parts and the machinery parts and the field in the snow food and all of the radio parts and the machinery parts and the field in the snow
5:51

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

equipment and the building equipment.   Every single thing had to be handled by the equipment and the building equipment.   Every single thing had to be handled by the
5:55

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

supply officer.  He had supply officer.  He had
5:58

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a staff of junior or subordinate clerks keeping a staff of junior or subordinate clerks keeping
6:03

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a record of these things and a record of these things and
6:05

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a store house located in the RAAF'S Number a store house located in the RAAF'S Number
6:12

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

2 stores depot at Tottenham, 2 stores depot at Tottenham,
6:15

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a western suburb of Melbourne.  The store man in charge was George a western suburb of Melbourne.  The store man in charge was George
6:22

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Smith, a great asset to the organisation.  The rest of the  Smith, a great asset to the organisation.  The rest of the 
6:28

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Antarctic Division comprised a scientific section, Antarctic Division comprised a scientific section,
6:35

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

which was, at that stage, one person plus which was, at that stage, one person plus
6:39

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a technician to help him.  That was Dr Fred Jacob plus Jim Valentine a technician to help him.  That was Dr Fred Jacob plus Jim Valentine
6:45

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the instrument technician to make the equipment that Fred wanted. We had the instrument technician to make the equipment that Fred wanted. We had
6:50

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a photographer, we had a librarian and we had a photographer, we had a librarian and we had
6:54

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a number of typists. And that was a number of typists. And that was
6:58

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

about it.   The total staff was probably about 20 and that was the, that was the about it.   The total staff was probably about 20 and that was the, that was the
7:04

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

office staff to run the expeditions.  At that stage we were running stations at office staff to run the expeditions.  At that stage we were running stations at
7:09

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Heard Island and Macquarie Island because the government had been unable to get Heard Island and Macquarie Island because the government had been unable to get
7:15

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a ship good enough to penetrate the pack ice  to get through to the Antarctic mainland. a ship good enough to penetrate the pack ice  to get through to the Antarctic mainland.
7:21

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

There had been this abortive expedition with the Wyatt Earp There had been this abortive expedition with the Wyatt Earp
7:28

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

in 1948.  But there was no ship at all, of any consequence, that could do this work in 1948.  But there was no ship at all, of any consequence, that could do this work
7:35

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

and so we are running scientific programs,  both in upper atmosphere physics and in and so we are running scientific programs,  both in upper atmosphere physics and in
7:42

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

biology work that is biology work that is
7:44

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a study of the seals and the penguins and the birds at Heard and Macquarie Island,   a study of the seals and the penguins and the birds at Heard and Macquarie Island,  
7:51

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

weather observations and the transmission of all of these things back to Australia weather observations and the transmission of all of these things back to Australia
7:55

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

by radio using Morse code.  by radio using Morse code. 
8:03

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

The .... so that that was the organization, the our director The .... so that that was the organization, the our director
8:09

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Dr Phillip Law was something like a polymath he did know Dr Phillip Law was something like a polymath he did know
8:15

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a great deal about everything scientific,  vitally interested and an  a great deal about everything scientific,  vitally interested and an 
8:21

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

outstanding leader and he did outstanding leader and he did
8:24

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

rely upon and and ah delegate enough authority for all of his supporters to do rely upon and and ah delegate enough authority for all of his supporters to do
8:31

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

work. I was very fortunate in that respect for all of the years I was in  work. I was very fortunate in that respect for all of the years I was in 
8:35

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the Division. So essentially I was the Division. So essentially I was
8:42

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Phillip Law's right hand man and continued to be that through various Phillip Law's right hand man and continued to be that through various
8:51

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

changes in the organisation over the eleven years I was there. changes in the organisation over the eleven years I was there.
8:58

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

The resupply of the to the expeditions of Heard and Macquarie Island The resupply of the to the expeditions of Heard and Macquarie Island
9:05

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

was carried out in those days by the Navy was carried out in those days by the Navy
9:12

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

using a wartime vessel called a landing ship tank,  whose name was HMAS using a wartime vessel called a landing ship tank,  whose name was HMAS
9:17

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Labuan.  And it would go off to Heard Island, do the resupply Labuan.  And it would go off to Heard Island, do the resupply
9:24

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

there come back and then do Macquarie Island and  that was it then it would go  back to normal Navy there come back and then do Macquarie Island and  that was it then it would go  back to normal Navy
9:29

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

duties essentially as duties essentially as
9:30

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a store carrier for the rest of the time. The Navy did most of the work that a store carrier for the rest of the time. The Navy did most of the work that
9:36

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

is to say, that the sailors would unload.  The ships were big enough to carry Army is to say, that the sailors would unload.  The ships were big enough to carry Army
9:43

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

amphibious vehicles called ducks.  D..u.. amphibious vehicles called ducks.  D..u..
9:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

k..w.  And the expeditioners their physical work was k..w.  And the expeditioners their physical work was
9:54

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

unloading the ducks at the station. Essentially uh Naval unloading the ducks at the station. Essentially uh Naval
10:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

ratings did all the heavy lifting and cargo work and the army ran the ducks. ratings did all the heavy lifting and cargo work and the army ran the ducks.
10:14

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

So you mentioned that there were expeditions down at Macquarie Island and Heard. How did you know  So you mentioned that there were expeditions down at Macquarie Island and Heard. How did you know 
10:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

what to purchase for the expeditions?  [Dick] There were...this was largely based upon what to purchase for the expeditions?  [Dick] There were...this was largely based upon
10:30

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

signals from the station saying what they wanted and these would be the various signals from the station saying what they wanted and these would be the various
10:36

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

replacement parts for the various equipments whether they be radio or replacement parts for the various equipments whether they be radio or
10:39

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

engineering or any of the other equipments  or any replace,  worn out things and engineering or any of the other equipments  or any replace,  worn out things and
10:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

brilliant ideas of their own as to what they would like. Then there would be any new programs that we brilliant ideas of their own as to what they would like. Then there would be any new programs that we
10:52

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

would going to put in and the actual equipment necessary for that. The would going to put in and the actual equipment necessary for that. The
11:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

food had been, was in that,  had been left in the hands of the Navy and the Navy food had been, was in that,  had been left in the hands of the Navy and the Navy
11:07

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

ah the Navy victualling office would supply us with the food for a year based on their standards. ah the Navy victualling office would supply us with the food for a year based on their standards.
11:13

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

After I had been there two years I After I had been there two years I
11:20

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

devised after a  devised after a 
11:21

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a lot of research... a food standards scale so for many many years we used that. a lot of research... a food standards scale so for many many years we used that.
11:28

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

So that with the amount of... the amount of foodstuffs So that with the amount of... the amount of foodstuffs
11:35

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

based upon by calories and all that stuff,  multiplied out by the number of men, plus enough based upon by calories and all that stuff,  multiplied out by the number of men, plus enough
11:42

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

for 12 months in case a ship didn't get through,  because we always had this amount in for 12 months in case a ship didn't get through,  because we always had this amount in
11:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

reserve.   Now when the reserve.   Now when the
11:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

I should go back to say,  when the Antarctic Division had commenced its I should go back to say,  when the Antarctic Division had commenced its
12:02

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

operations the leader of it was an Air Force group captain and he used the operations the leader of it was an Air Force group captain and he used the
12:09

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

facilities of the three armed services wherever he could and this is how we had air force uniforms facilities of the three armed services wherever he could and this is how we had air force uniforms
12:16

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

and air force blankets and air force equipment and we used the navy for and air force blankets and air force equipment and we used the navy for
12:23

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

victualling and was victualling and was
12:26

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a most convenient thing.  The Navy also supplied us with waterproof clothing what a most convenient thing.  The Navy also supplied us with waterproof clothing what
12:32

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

we called submarine suits for use in unloading all the wet weather work we did. So we we called submarine suits for use in unloading all the wet weather work we did. So we
12:39

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

got got
12:39

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a great deal of assistance from the armed services.  Now when they a great deal of assistance from the armed services.  Now when they
12:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

in running down after the many years after World War 2 ceased in running down after the many years after World War 2 ceased
12:54

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

they stopped supplying us with this ?amount? so we were  buying it ourselves on the open they stopped supplying us with this ?amount? so we were  buying it ourselves on the open
12:58

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

market.  You used to have to, the regulations of those days that you had to,  I use the term market.  You used to have to, the regulations of those days that you had to,  I use the term
13:05

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

dollars. You had to get three quotations for anything that was worth more than $10.00. dollars. You had to get three quotations for anything that was worth more than $10.00.
13:13

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

And so the great amount of work was writing down what you wanted, posting it out to three And so the great amount of work was writing down what you wanted, posting it out to three
13:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

suppliers, getting in that thing and then placing an order.  So you needed typists. suppliers, getting in that thing and then placing an order.  So you needed typists.
13:24

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

You would go out to Tottenham stores and when the expeditioners would come on You would go out to Tottenham stores and when the expeditioners would come on
13:28

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

strength late in each year, they under the supervision of  store man George Smith would strength late in each year, they under the supervision of  store man George Smith would
13:34

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

pack all the gear into boxes that fill or devised. In pack all the gear into boxes that fill or devised. In
13:41

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

modular sized packing cases. [Ingrid] So before when the navy  was modular sized packing cases. [Ingrid] So before when the navy  was
13:48

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

supplying the food stuffs were they supplying the food stuffs were they
13:50

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

responsible for doing all the packing and  getting them out to the store?  [ Dick] No they what  responsible for doing all the packing and  getting them out to the store?  [ Dick] No they what 
13:57

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

they would supply us with was the cardboard or wooden cartons or it was more likely wooden cartons they would supply us with was the cardboard or wooden cartons or it was more likely wooden cartons
14:02

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

that was  that was 
14:03

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

supplied to their own stores, so they would supply stuff from their own holdings or supplied to their own stores, so they would supply stuff from their own holdings or
14:10

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

buy in material for us.  I should mention this at this stage that  because there was no buy in material for us.  I should mention this at this stage that  because there was no
14:18

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

refrigeration there we were not buying any fresh food whether it be refrigeration there we were not buying any fresh food whether it be
14:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

meat or fish or vegetables or fruit. People think this is odd,  we were going to sub meat or fish or vegetables or fruit. People think this is odd,  we were going to sub
14:31

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Antarctic islands, one of which was permanently covered with ice and snow but the fact is Antarctic islands, one of which was permanently covered with ice and snow but the fact is
14:37

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

it used to take sometimes two weeks to get to Heard Island and  there was no   it used to take sometimes two weeks to get to Heard Island and  there was no  
14:41

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

refrigeration no refrigeration on the ship. And so all refrigeration no refrigeration on the ship. And so all
14:49

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the food stuffs were dried and canned. And so there was the food stuffs were dried and canned. And so there was
14:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

And that's how we we supplied sheep to Heard and Macquarie Islands so they could kill the sheep.  They were  And that's how we we supplied sheep to Heard and Macquarie Islands so they could kill the sheep.  They were 
15:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Border Leicesters.  They were supposed to be good for wet  weather and they could kill sheep  and have that Border Leicesters.  They were supposed to be good for wet  weather and they could kill sheep  and have that
15:08

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

fresh meat, but that was the only fresh food they would have had for 12 months. [Ingrid] So where fresh meat, but that was the only fresh food they would have had for 12 months. [Ingrid] So where
15:12

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

you source the sheep from?  [Dick]  We'd say to the navy, "Where do you source the sheep from?  [Dick]  We'd say to the navy, "Where do
15:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

get sheep?" The navy would say "Ring Dalgety's".  There were lots of firms in those days, get sheep?" The navy would say "Ring Dalgety's".  There were lots of firms in those days,
15:27

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

stock and station agents Dalgety's, Goldsborough Mort,  Elder Smith, uh New Zealand Loan stock and station agents Dalgety's, Goldsborough Mort,  Elder Smith, uh New Zealand Loan
15:34

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

all these people who spent their time financing and looking after the wants of all these people who spent their time financing and looking after the wants of
15:38

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

farmers and graziers all over the country. And so we always got good advice and we farmers and graziers all over the country. And so we always got good advice and we
15:44

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

were told the best kind of, of animal to have was a Border Leicester. [Ingrid]Did were told the best kind of, of animal to have was a Border Leicester. [Ingrid]Did
15:51

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

you source any other type of livestock such as cows for milk or meat? [Dick] No you source any other type of livestock such as cows for milk or meat? [Dick] No
15:59

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

No we didn't.  One chap who was going away as No we didn't.  One chap who was going away as
16:02

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a cook suggested that, that he prepared to milk it. But we couldn't work out a cook suggested that, that he prepared to milk it. But we couldn't work out
16:07

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the logistics of how we'd get the cow there in its crate and so on like that in the logistics of how we'd get the cow there in its crate and so on like that in
16:11

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a in a in
16:11

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a 541 ton ship.  [Ingrid]  So how did the finances of ordering goods a 541 ton ship.  [Ingrid]  So how did the finances of ordering goods
16:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

such as food work in those days? You mentioned you got the stuff from the navy did you have such as food work in those days? You mentioned you got the stuff from the navy did you have
16:23

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

to pay the navy or was it part of a?  [Dick] Yes we paid, we paid, we paid uh to pay the navy or was it part of a?  [Dick] Yes we paid, we paid, we paid uh
16:29

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

everybody. We were part of the financial everybody. We were part of the financial
16:36

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

system of the Commonwealth Government which was quite straightforward. The system of the Commonwealth Government which was quite straightforward. The
16:40

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

government in those days worked on, what we call Gladstonian, after Prime Minister Gladstone, government in those days worked on, what we call Gladstonian, after Prime Minister Gladstone,
16:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Gladstonian economics and that is that all, all Gladstonian economics and that is that all, all
16:52

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

expenditure had to be voted in by the parliament for the annual budget. expenditure had to be voted in by the parliament for the annual budget.
17:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

And so we prepared each year annual estimates of expenditure and we'd go to And so we prepared each year annual estimates of expenditure and we'd go to
17:06

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Canberra and we'd argue that out, first of all with our own head office at external Canberra and we'd argue that out, first of all with our own head office at external
17:13

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

affairs and having satisfied the senior officers there, we  would go across to Treasury affairs and having satisfied the senior officers there, we  would go across to Treasury
17:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

ah and whose main aim in life,  as it was then, ah and whose main aim in life,  as it was then,
17:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

to see that we got nothing and we wanted to see that we got nothing and we wanted
17:29

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a lot more than that and so we negotiated all of those things. Ah the other a lot more than that and so we negotiated all of those things. Ah the other
17:36

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

part of Gladstonian economics is every bit of revenue that comes into the government part of Gladstonian economics is every bit of revenue that comes into the government
17:42

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

goes into consolidated revenue not into goes into consolidated revenue not into
17:44

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a trust fund, not that we ever had any revenue of any kind, we were a spending a trust fund, not that we ever had any revenue of any kind, we were a spending
17:49

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

organization and so after two years organization and so after two years
17:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

that became my job,  is to go to Canberra to negotiate the annual estimates of that became my job,  is to go to Canberra to negotiate the annual estimates of
18:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

expenditure and that came about  because I was the supply officer  and I knew what we expenditure and that came about  because I was the supply officer  and I knew what we
18:06

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

needed and I'd fill pages and pages of writing of what this costs and what needed and I'd fill pages and pages of writing of what this costs and what
18:13

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

I expected to spend and then break this down into the 12 different expenditure I expected to spend and then break this down into the 12 different expenditure
18:18

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

items and argue that up with ah with our own department and with items and argue that up with ah with our own department and with
18:26

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

with Treasury.  Our own department were not necessarily difficult they were there   with Treasury.  Our own department were not necessarily difficult they were there  
18:31

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

to make sure that we were doing to make sure that we were doing
18:33

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a very honest job and not make fools of ourselves when we got in front of Treasury. [Ingrid] So a very honest job and not make fools of ourselves when we got in front of Treasury. [Ingrid] So
18:38

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

what were the various categories of expenditure items?  [Dick]  Ah well there is what were the various categories of expenditure items?  [Dick]  Ah well there is
18:45

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

salaries and payments in the nature of salaries;  that's the actual title, and then salaries and payments in the nature of salaries;  that's the actual title, and then
18:50

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

there's travel and then you get to equipment and the equipment covers every single there's travel and then you get to equipment and the equipment covers every single
18:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

thing and I used to break it down into these groups of food and sustenance, thing and I used to break it down into these groups of food and sustenance,
19:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

clothing, bedding, mess traps which is another word for clothing, bedding, mess traps which is another word for
19:09

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

plates and saucers and pots and pans and food stuffs, radio equipment plates and saucers and pots and pans and food stuffs, radio equipment
19:16

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

mechanical equipment, field and snow equipment. mechanical equipment, field and snow equipment.
19:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

[Ingrid[ And can you ...[Dick] building [Ingrid[ And can you ...[Dick] building
19:26

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

equipment.  [Ingrid]  Can you remember at all roughly what your budget was in those days?  [Dick] No I can't equipment.  [Ingrid]  Can you remember at all roughly what your budget was in those days?  [Dick] No I can't
19:33

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

but I do know, I do know that I do know that in 1950, at the end of but I do know, I do know that I do know that in 1950, at the end of
19:38

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

1953 when we had the charter for the motor ship Kista Dan 1953 when we had the charter for the motor ship Kista Dan
19:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

from Denmark from the J. Lauritzen company that we our, our charted from Denmark from the J. Lauritzen company that we our, our charted
19:52

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

fee was 500 pounds sterling a day fee was 500 pounds sterling a day
19:59

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

for four months, ah, for five years we had, we had for four months, ah, for five years we had, we had
20:04

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a charter for five years. Ah and that was considered to be, we thought that a charter for five years. Ah and that was considered to be, we thought that
20:11

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

was good value in the company obviously thought that was good too because they had was good value in the company obviously thought that was good too because they had
20:14

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

it for five years. So, um, so there's it for five years. So, um, so there's
20:18

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a measure of those, but, no I can't, but I, I,  a measure of those, but, no I can't, but I, I, 
20:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

I for example was, at that stage, was I for example was, at that stage, was
20:32

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

earning eight pounds a week, that's $16.00 earning eight pounds a week, that's $16.00
20:38

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a week, as the supply officer, the third ranking person in the a week, as the supply officer, the third ranking person in the
20:45

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

organization.  [ Ingrid]  Dick were you involved in any of the negotiations for  organization.  [ Ingrid]  Dick were you involved in any of the negotiations for 
20:50

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

chartering the ships?  [Dick] No. We we, the Commonwealth Government  used the chartering the ships?  [Dick] No. We we, the Commonwealth Government  used the
20:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

services of services of
20:58

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a chartering organisation in London and it was called, um, um. The a chartering organisation in London and it was called, um, um. The
21:06

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

organisation is now a public company known as Wesfarmers, organisation is now a public company known as Wesfarmers,
21:10

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a huge company, um, and in those days it was a huge company, um, and in those days it was
21:16

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Western Australian Farmers Co operative and they, because they charted  vessels to send the Western Australian Farmers Co operative and they, because they charted  vessels to send the
21:22

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

wheat crop from Western Australia  overseas they had wheat crop from Western Australia  overseas they had
21:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a chartering organisation in London called Westralian Farmers Transport Limited a chartering organisation in London called Westralian Farmers Transport Limited
21:32

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

and the Commonwealth Government used that organisation to do and the Commonwealth Government used that organisation to do
21:39

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

any chartering it required, and it, of course, in those days, it...outside the Antarctic any chartering it required, and it, of course, in those days, it...outside the Antarctic
21:44

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Division it wouldn't have done much charting of Division it wouldn't have done much charting of
21:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

any vessels at all, it had no requirement.  And in these days we were talking about   any vessels at all, it had no requirement.  And in these days we were talking about  
21:51

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the fact that Australia had about eight or nine million people. That's 1950.  They had seven million people at  the fact that Australia had about eight or nine million people. That's 1950.  They had seven million people at 
21:57

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the end of the war ah and so it might have had about nine million people.  A very small modest country the end of the war ah and so it might have had about nine million people.  A very small modest country
22:05

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

now so, Westralian Farmers Transport did the negotiations, they were pretty skillful now so, Westralian Farmers Transport did the negotiations, they were pretty skillful
22:13

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

The chap, chap who ran things was a fellow called Neville Salversen, S..A..L..V..E..R.. The chap, chap who ran things was a fellow called Neville Salversen, S..A..L..V..E..R..
22:18

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

S..E..N  a Norwegian name.  And indeed the Salversen family ran the factory the whaling S..E..N  a Norwegian name.  And indeed the Salversen family ran the factory the whaling
22:25

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

fleets out of Tunsberg and the Sandefjord fleets out of Tunsberg and the Sandefjord
22:28

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

in Norway, but he was English born and so he was in Norway, but he was English born and so he was
22:35

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the he was, he was the chartering person. [Ingrid]So your work was was obviously fairly diverse.  Were you  the he was, he was the chartering person. [Ingrid]So your work was was obviously fairly diverse.  Were you 
22:41

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

also involved in the selection of expeditioners to go down south? [Dick] Yes I used to sit on also involved in the selection of expeditioners to go down south? [Dick] Yes I used to sit on
22:49

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

The interviewing committee, it used to be. Phil Law and  myself The interviewing committee, it used to be. Phil Law and  myself
22:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

and when there was a scientific ???? Fred and when there was a scientific ???? Fred
22:59

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

?Jacob?, who was the scientific officer, that was his title, the scientific officer ?Jacob?, who was the scientific officer, that was his title, the scientific officer
23:05

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

of the Division, I was the supply officer and then the admin officer he was of the Division, I was the supply officer and then the admin officer he was
23:10

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the scientific officer, they were the terms.  So Fred would sit on any interview for science. the scientific officer, they were the terms.  So Fred would sit on any interview for science.
23:17

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

We'd read the man's application and we'd talk about his background and his suitability We'd read the man's application and we'd talk about his background and his suitability
23:23

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

like this and then we make uh, make a  like this and then we make uh, make a 
23:30

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

decision as to whether that person was suitable.   Phil would say "What you think of him?" decision as to whether that person was suitable.   Phil would say "What you think of him?"
23:38

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

"I wouldn't go south with him"  I'd say.   Pretty scientific. "I wouldn't go south with him"  I'd say.   Pretty scientific.
23:45

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

[Ingrid] And ones that you felt you would go south with...[Dick] that that is [Ingrid] And ones that you felt you would go south with...[Dick] that that is
23:50

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a light hearted way of saying it, it happened infrequently.  But largely we would then a light hearted way of saying it, it happened infrequently.  But largely we would then
23:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

it was before the days of any psychological testing, we started to do that later it was before the days of any psychological testing, we started to do that later
23:60

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

on at the suggestion of the army. Because they wanted some work to do really. And that was on at the suggestion of the army. Because they wanted some work to do really. And that was
24:07

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

in the in the late fifties. We were largely wanted to make sure that we had in the in the late fifties. We were largely wanted to make sure that we had
24:13

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a person who was a good technician,  everybody there,  was of largely of a person who was a good technician,  everybody there,  was of largely of
24:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a technical nature.  You had the rad.. the, the we were a technical nature.  You had the rad.. the, the we were
24:26

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

some of the people came from other Commonwealth  government organisations. The Bureau of some of the people came from other Commonwealth  government organisations. The Bureau of
24:31

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Meteorology supplied the weather officers and the, and the,  and in those days they used Meteorology supplied the weather officers and the, and the,  and in those days they used
24:38

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

to have a meteorologist was a graduate type person, and the subordinate to have a meteorologist was a graduate type person, and the subordinate
24:43

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

persons  were weather observers so the Met Bureau supplied those.  The Bureau of Mineral persons  were weather observers so the Met Bureau supplied those.  The Bureau of Mineral
24:49

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Resources supplied the geologists and the geophysicists.  The Division of National Resources supplied the geologists and the geophysicists.  The Division of National
24:56

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Mapping supplied to surveyor.  [Ingrid] So you mentioned that there would be Mapping supplied to surveyor.  [Ingrid] So you mentioned that there would be
25:03

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

an external organization who would supply an external organization who would supply
25:06

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a particular job, such as the Met observers.  Did  you have a particular job, such as the Met observers.  Did  you have
25:11

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a say in selecting the Met observers or were they selected by a say in selecting the Met observers or were they selected by
25:14

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the Met Bureau?  [Dick]  They were selected by the Met Bureau, we had not say in any of those the Met Bureau?  [Dick]  They were selected by the Met Bureau, we had not say in any of those
25:19

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

people. They were, they were totally unknown to us when they turned up.  people. They were, they were totally unknown to us when they turned up. 
25:27

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

So other than the doctor and the OIC, officer in charge, and the radio operators So other than the doctor and the OIC, officer in charge, and the radio operators
25:33

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

what other people did you select for?  [Dick]Ah, the person who was called what other people did you select for?  [Dick]Ah, the person who was called
25:39

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the diesel mechanic.  It was called that because the equipment was largely diesel and he had the diesel mechanic.  It was called that because the equipment was largely diesel and he had
25:44

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

had to run that, but he also had to do, do the electrical work and the plumbing had to run that, but he also had to do, do the electrical work and the plumbing
25:49

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

work and work and
25:49

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

anything else that was going. The  and then we had the cook.  Ah anything else that was going. The  and then we had the cook.  Ah
25:58

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

then we had another person who had no technical qualifications, was then we had another person who had no technical qualifications, was
26:04

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a person called the assistant cook/ store man who, one day in the week would take  a person called the assistant cook/ store man who, one day in the week would take 
26:09

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

over from the cook and otherwise be the store man and general handyman around the place. over from the cook and otherwise be the store man and general handyman around the place.
26:17

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

And I mention on the radio side we had a radio supervisor who had to be And I mention on the radio side we had a radio supervisor who had to be
26:23

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a technician plus three radio operators.  The radio supervisor had to be  an a technician plus three radio operators.  The radio supervisor had to be  an
26:29

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

operator himself too, but in many cases, he was that this was not the same standard operator himself too, but in many cases, he was that this was not the same standard
26:35

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

as the operators. [Ingrid]Were there  any other qualities or abilities that you would look for in as the operators. [Ingrid]Were there  any other qualities or abilities that you would look for in
26:41

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

the man's application?  [Dick]  Well we were interested in what ah, of the kind of things the man's application?  [Dick]  Well we were interested in what ah, of the kind of things
26:46

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

that we did.   Did was did he have any background in bush that we did.   Did was did he have any background in bush
26:53

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

walking,  in skiing,  in field and snow activities, walking,  in skiing,  in field and snow activities,
27:01

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

was he an outdoor type person that very much so that. was he an outdoor type person that very much so that.
27:07

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

We, we looked for,  they all had to have We, we looked for,  they all had to have
27:11

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a medical examination which was was performed by the Commonwealth medical officer a medical examination which was was performed by the Commonwealth medical officer
27:16

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

now there's now there's
27:16

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a great big Department of Health. But in, in those days the Commonwealth a great big Department of Health. But in, in those days the Commonwealth
27:21

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Government ran no medical things at all except quarantine and the Commonwealth Government ran no medical things at all except quarantine and the Commonwealth
27:27

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

medical, the Commonwealth medical officer was located in the Spencer Street Post Office and medical, the Commonwealth medical officer was located in the Spencer Street Post Office and
27:32

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

he was the same person who'd examined me for a telegraph messenger's appointment as he was the same person who'd examined me for a telegraph messenger's appointment as
27:37

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a permanent office the call of public service in 1939 .   He was a permanent office the call of public service in 1939 .   He was
27:41

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

a Rhodes Scholar from the first war.  [Ingrid]  So what were the most popular jobs a Rhodes Scholar from the first war.  [Ingrid]  So what were the most popular jobs
27:49

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

that people would apply for?  What sorts of numbers were you receiving in terms of application? that people would apply for?  What sorts of numbers were you receiving in terms of application?
27:53

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

Probably probably the most common one were the radio person and the Probably probably the most common one were the radio person and the
27:59

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

radio persons and then the the ah... I'll have to get that radio persons and then the the ah... I'll have to get that
28:06

Choose A Speaker
(only necessary when speaker changes)

 We will just have a brief break.    We will just have a brief break.