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[Is] pollution [Is] pollution
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a problem in the fisheries that you're involved in? [Desmond]Oh, not to a great extent, ah [cough] a problem in the fisheries that you're involved in? [Desmond]Oh, not to a great extent, ah [cough]
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the local area here is a farming community, so there probably would be the local area here is a farming community, so there probably would be
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a little bit of a little bit of
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through poisons and that, but does not seem to be to any great extent. I haven't seen any fish killed or anything through poisons and that, but does not seem to be to any great extent. I haven't seen any fish killed or anything
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I don't think that's  I don't think that's 
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any major thing here in this area. The one thing that has affected us a bit with any major thing here in this area. The one thing that has affected us a bit with
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the farming community is the farming community is
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a lot of the creeks have been dammed down near the mouths to stop the intrusion of the salt water going a lot of the creeks have been dammed down near the mouths to stop the intrusion of the salt water going
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back up into the farming areas. And when they've done this, they've cut a lot of the fish habitat back back up into the farming areas. And when they've done this, they've cut a lot of the fish habitat back
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A lot A lot
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lot of the creek, by half or sometimes two-thirds they've taken the top two-thirds of the creek when they've put in their dams and barrages. lot of the creek, by half or sometimes two-thirds they've taken the top two-thirds of the creek when they've put in their dams and barrages.
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That has probably affected it a That has probably affected it a
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little bit. But apart from that, like I say I've never seen any great, any fish killed or little bit. But apart from that, like I say I've never seen any great, any fish killed or
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ah, poisonings to any great extent. There has been a little bit in the, above the dams where the ah, poisonings to any great extent. There has been a little bit in the, above the dams where the
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fresh water and you get, get a lot of rain you get out there. The grass and vegetation will rot and robs the, ah  fresh water and you get, get a lot of rain you get out there. The grass and vegetation will rot and robs the, ah 
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a lot of the oxygen and you do see a bit of a lot of the oxygen and you do see a bit of
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fish kill then. But, ah, that is only natural, I think it would happen in any place. fish kill then. But, ah, that is only natural, I think it would happen in any place.
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The Barrier Reef we did have the, ah crown of thorns there a few years ago, go through and there was ah, hell of a play The Barrier Reef we did have the, ah crown of thorns there a few years ago, go through and there was ah, hell of a play
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[...] over that, all the scientists were diving down and spiking 'em and checking on 'em and my opinion was that it was just nature taking  [...] over that, all the scientists were diving down and spiking 'em and checking on 'em and my opinion was that it was just nature taking 
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[at?] the reef, which has sort of proved true on my theory that [at?] the reef, which has sort of proved true on my theory that
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the A.I.M.S. and the James Cook University done another bit of a study on the reef the A.I.M.S. and the James Cook University done another bit of a study on the reef
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they were Kiwis and I think they found, one found a [thorn?] starfish I think  they were Kiwis and I think they found, one found a [thorn?] starfish I think 
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it was reported in the paper on one reef, but they said the reefs were all rejuvenating so in my opinion that it was reported in the paper on one reef, but they said the reefs were all rejuvenating so in my opinion that
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it's just nature running its course. [Jack]Let's hope so. Des, weather must be a real it's just nature running its course. [Jack]Let's hope so. Des, weather must be a real
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problem up here particularly in the cyclone season? [Desmond] Yes it is, ah well in this area here between Cape up problem up here particularly in the cyclone season? [Desmond] Yes it is, ah well in this area here between Cape up
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and you could say, we have no islands or anything outside here to work in protective weather when the wind blows and you could say, we have no islands or anything outside here to work in protective weather when the wind blows
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[ ] you give the game away and go home. We've got no protective waters to work in but [ ] you give the game away and go home. We've got no protective waters to work in but
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ah, I think we've learned to live with that. We haven't lost many boats here or [very few?]. ah, I think we've learned to live with that. We haven't lost many boats here or [very few?].
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We seem to be always be able to get up a mangrove creek and tie up in the, up a creek and just let nature take its course and We seem to be always be able to get up a mangrove creek and tie up in the, up a creek and just let nature take its course and
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[...] boats and keep an eye on 'em anyway. There's been a few pleasure boats and that lost but mainly through [...] boats and keep an eye on 'em anyway. There's been a few pleasure boats and that lost but mainly through
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the run in the river the run in the river
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when the powerful cyclone. You get a, a lot of rain and the river runs and the boats are left unattended and then the river comes down and when the powerful cyclone. You get a, a lot of rain and the river runs and the boats are left unattended and then the river comes down and
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Is there a bar on this river? [Desmond]Yeah all the rivers in the area have got bars on 'em. It's a hassle you have to Is there a bar on this river? [Desmond]Yeah all the rivers in the area have got bars on 'em. It's a hassle you have to
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watch when you get in and out of the creeks, which most of the boats work out [?] watch when you get in and out of the creeks, which most of the boats work out [?]
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and there, there was a big sandbar and there, there was a big sandbar
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sandbar out the flat and if wind does blow, we can get in behind the sandbar in protected waters there  sandbar out the flat and if wind does blow, we can get in behind the sandbar in protected waters there 
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and and
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then wait for the tides to get up the creek into safer waters. But, ah all the other creeks, they're all [shallow?] then wait for the tides to get up the creek into safer waters. But, ah all the other creeks, they're all [shallow?]
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Verify
[Type?] all the creeks in the north and them now, they used to be deep water but now they're all shallow. [Jack] Well,  they're silting up? [Type?] all the creeks in the north and them now, they used to be deep water but now they're all shallow. [Jack] Well,  they're silting up?
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stopped using? [Desmond] Yeah just silting up. I don't know what causes it, just, I think it might be a lot to do with stopped using? [Desmond] Yeah just silting up. I don't know what causes it, just, I think it might be a lot to do with
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the boat owners themselves, years ago you never had all the speed boats the boat owners themselves, years ago you never had all the speed boats
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with a motor in it, it only chopped up the  with a motor in it, it only chopped up the 
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creek nice and slow and you didn't get bow waves and that, whereas nowadays with all the outboards and running up and down like creek nice and slow and you didn't get bow waves and that, whereas nowadays with all the outboards and running up and down like
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and big bow waves are slowly just eroding all the banks and pulling the creeks in. We don't seem to get  and big bow waves are slowly just eroding all the banks and pulling the creeks in. We don't seem to get 
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the runs in the river like we used to where it used to  the runs in the river like we used to where it used to 
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we'd scour it out and then as the river dropped slowly in terms of this, fill in the sands again we'd scour it out and then as the river dropped slowly in terms of this, fill in the sands again
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[Jack] [...] for the fishing industry? [Desmond] Well, I don't know. We didn't have the run of the rock. [Jack] [...] for the fishing industry? [Desmond] Well, I don't know. We didn't have the run of the rock.
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bureaucracy for starters. It seems to be the way of things these days. Too many people  bureaucracy for starters. It seems to be the way of things these days. Too many people 
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down south sitting on their bums trying to tell us how to make a living. But ah, I think for the  down south sitting on their bums trying to tell us how to make a living. But ah, I think for the 
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smaller operator he'll survive because his costs aren't great but in the bigger boat range around the smaller operator he'll survive because his costs aren't great but in the bigger boat range around the
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60 footers where they 60 footers where they
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invested in them, it's hard to make returns. The catch rate is, the fishing is not there invested in them, it's hard to make returns. The catch rate is, the fishing is not there
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to make 'em viable to make 'em viable
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a lot of these fellas are outlaying big money on the boats and they can't get the returns to pay it back. a lot of these fellas are outlaying big money on the boats and they can't get the returns to pay it back.
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I myself, it doesn't really worry me that much because I can I myself, it doesn't really worry me that much because I can
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so long as you're not too greedy. Some of the bigger fellers, I don't know, they seem to be the so long as you're not too greedy. Some of the bigger fellers, I don't know, they seem to be the
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changing hands all the time when fellas can't make their payments and then they've gotta sell out and as I said before, there's always someone else. changing hands all the time when fellas can't make their payments and then they've gotta sell out and as I said before, there's always someone else.
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[Jack] Comers into fishing are there? [Desmond] Yeah, well a lot of them come in an [Jack] Comers into fishing are there? [Desmond] Yeah, well a lot of them come in an
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 into the game and they think there's a lot of money to be made there. But when they realise that they've got to work a bit of rough  into the game and they think there's a lot of money to be made there. But when they realise that they've got to work a bit of rough
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weather and weather and
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that they're not suited to it, you seem to be have to be born with salt, salt water in your veins, being able to make a go, that they're not suited to it, you seem to be have to be born with salt, salt water in your veins, being able to make a go,
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not that I was I don't s'pose but, but ah it seems to be, you know a harder  not that I was I don't s'pose but, but ah it seems to be, you know a harder 
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[that?] side of it, that it doesn't work out that way, they don't seem to be able to make a go of it. [that?] side of it, that it doesn't work out that way, they don't seem to be able to make a go of it.
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Maybe they don't know enough about it either but, it doesn't seem to really take that long to learn. Maybe they don't know enough about it either but, it doesn't seem to really take that long to learn.
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And then money side of it all seems to be where they get into trouble  And then money side of it all seems to be where they get into trouble 
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all the time. The interest rates are that high and they borrow and then they get into it and they can't meet the payments let alone all the time. The interest rates are that high and they borrow and then they get into it and they can't meet the payments let alone
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get their initial outlay back on it. [Jack] And ah, do they [?take] get their initial outlay back on it. [Jack] And ah, do they [?take]
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[risks?] because of their big capital investment? [Desmond] Well, they seem to because [risks?] because of their big capital investment? [Desmond] Well, they seem to because
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over the last few years there've been quite a couple of towns where boats have sunk out the over the last few years there've been quite a couple of towns where boats have sunk out the
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reef working weather which actually they shouldn't be there working because the forecasts were too great to start with reef working weather which actually they shouldn't be there working because the forecasts were too great to start with
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[....]. They're working rougher weather to try to meet their payments and  [....]. They're working rougher weather to try to meet their payments and 
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we never, never sort of had these, ah large debts hanging over our heads,  we never, never sort of had these, ah large debts hanging over our heads, 
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ah. We never had that problem because when it got a bit rough we just, we were content to come home but now they tend to ah. We never had that problem because when it got a bit rough we just, we were content to come home but now they tend to
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have a hook up with the trawlers and that's when they're in trouble. It only takes a couple of big waves over the have a hook up with the trawlers and that's when they're in trouble. It only takes a couple of big waves over the
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top and they're finished. [Jack] Des, is there anything else you'd like to have on this tape? top and they're finished. [Jack] Des, is there anything else you'd like to have on this tape?
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The last, over the last few years of the prawn trade usually run from, ah The last, over the last few years of the prawn trade usually run from, ah
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[..?..] to the first of March but it doesn't seem to make any difference  [..?..] to the first of March but it doesn't seem to make any difference 
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I've kept, ah records over 18 years and it hasn't really made much difference to it, ah  I've kept, ah records over 18 years and it hasn't really made much difference to it, ah 
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The seasons, unless we get a run, an early run in the river we go early prawning but if we don't get a run in the The seasons, unless we get a run, an early run in the river we go early prawning but if we don't get a run in the
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river river
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ah, then the prawns don't, are not on early anyway so there's more or less no [....]   ah, then the prawns don't, are not on early anyway so there's more or less no [....]  
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and the cray fishing has put more hardship on us financially but with the and the cray fishing has put more hardship on us financially but with the
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barramundi closure it's much  barramundi closure it's much 
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the same. They have a three month closure from November, December and January but unless you have [?] the same. They have a three month closure from November, December and January but unless you have [?]
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[....] the barra don't decide to work and spawn so really it's, all that's up to  [....] the barra don't decide to work and spawn so really it's, all that's up to 
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nature anyway. So, you know, all the closures seem to be doing is just putting hardships on the fishermen nature anyway. So, you know, all the closures seem to be doing is just putting hardships on the fishermen
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All right, anything else that you'd like to say? No, I don't think so. All right, anything else that you'd like to say? No, I don't think so.
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Thank you very much. [Jack] And thank you, thanks for the interview. It's been good to talk to you. Thank you very much. [Jack] And thank you, thanks for the interview. It's been good to talk to you.
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Interview with Mr Des Moody of Ayr, Queensland. Interview with Mr Des Moody of Ayr, Queensland.