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[Gai] Where did you start [...]? [Pat] Now, I - I commenced my working career in Mount Mulligan as an apprentice [Gai] Where did you start [...]? [Pat] Now, I - I commenced my working career in Mount Mulligan as an apprentice
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in 1949. in 1949.
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Moved to Collinsville in 1955 as an electrician to um - mine electrician to Bowen Consolidated - Consolidated Coal Mines at Moved to Collinsville in 1955 as an electrician to um - mine electrician to Bowen Consolidated - Consolidated Coal Mines at
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Scottville. Remained there till 1961 when I married Scottville. Remained there till 1961 when I married
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and moved to Townsville and moved to Townsville
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where I worked briefly at the cement works. where I worked briefly at the cement works.
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The position became available as electrician at the Townsville Bulk Sugar Terminal in 1962 and I was successful in that application and I still work for the Bulk Sugar Terminal organisation to this day. The position became available as electrician at the Townsville Bulk Sugar Terminal in 1962 and I was successful in that application and I still work for the Bulk Sugar Terminal organisation to this day.
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From Townsville, in 1964, I moved to the Bulk Sugar Terminal at Mourilyan. From Townsville, in 1964, I moved to the Bulk Sugar Terminal at Mourilyan.
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Was there until 1969 when I moved back to Townsville. Was there until 1969 when I moved back to Townsville.
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In 1973 I transferred to the Bundaberg Bulk Sugar Terminal as assistant engineer In 1973 I transferred to the Bundaberg Bulk Sugar Terminal as assistant engineer
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and remained them until 1979. and remained them until 1979.
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At that time I moved to Mackay as assistant engineer. At that time I moved to Mackay as assistant engineer.
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Remained there till 1985, commenced and went to Lucinda as the Remained there till 1985, commenced and went to Lucinda as the
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chief engineer, chief engineer,
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becoming manager in 1992 at that facility. becoming manager in 1992 at that facility.
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In 1996 I transferred to Townsville as the manager of that  In 1996 I transferred to Townsville as the manager of that 
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Bulk Sugar Terminal Bulk Sugar Terminal
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where I am today. And in four weeks time, I will be moving to Mackay to manage that terminal. where I am today. And in four weeks time, I will be moving to Mackay to manage that terminal.
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And um, before the year 2000, I hope to retire. And um, before the year 2000, I hope to retire.
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Loading Loading
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 - loading of sugar  - loading of sugar
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into the ships prior to 1957 was carried out by the Water - Watersiders. into the ships prior to 1957 was carried out by the Water - Watersiders.
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And in that time it was very common for a And in that time it was very common for a
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10,000 ton ship 10,000 ton ship
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to take to take
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at least eight - ah, six weeks, possibly more, without any industrial problems. at least eight - ah, six weeks, possibly more, without any industrial problems.
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It was fairly - fairly heavy and hard work It was fairly - fairly heavy and hard work
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of of
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- it was all loaded by 180 pound bags - it was all loaded by 180 pound bags
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on to a on to a
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rope sling that would load into - load into the hatches rope sling that would load into - load into the hatches
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and then stored in the hatches. and then stored in the hatches.
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And then, before we went to bulk handling, they moved to a - they got a bit more modern. They still had to load the sugar into bags into  And then, before we went to bulk handling, they moved to a - they got a bit more modern. They still had to load the sugar into bags into 
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rope um, rope um,
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hangers hangers
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on to the ship's deck and then cut the bags and bleed into the hatches. on to the ship's deck and then cut the bags and bleed into the hatches.
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So in 1957 the first Bulk Handling Facility was installed at Mackay. So in 1957 the first Bulk Handling Facility was installed at Mackay.
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And that was a big step forward from 600 Wharf - Waterside Wharfie - Workers running around the wharf loading sugar, And that was a big step forward from 600 Wharf - Waterside Wharfie - Workers running around the wharf loading sugar,
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you came back to you came back to
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possibly about 10 men manning the conveyors. possibly about 10 men manning the conveyors.
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And the receiving systems in the - in the terminals at that time - at that time And the receiving systems in the - in the terminals at that time - at that time
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were also a big step forward, even though by today's standards they were overmanned. were also a big step forward, even though by today's standards they were overmanned.
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We'd have up to 10 men receiving sugar in the receiving stations. We'd have up to 10 men receiving sugar in the receiving stations.
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And this was coming in by government rail And this was coming in by government rail
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in boxes that held approximately six ton, in boxes that held approximately six ton,
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and also on road vehicles in boxes that held about six ton. and also on road vehicles in boxes that held about six ton.
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The rail boxes, they were always four boxes per wagon. The rail boxes, they were always four boxes per wagon.
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The road, they varied between one and four. The road, they varied between one and four.
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But on today's standards it was very - fairly primitive, but in those days it was a big step forward. But on today's standards it was very - fairly primitive, but in those days it was a big step forward.
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And um, And um,
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just keep going? [Gai] Just keep going. You're doing well. just keep going? [Gai] Just keep going. You're doing well.
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Mackay was the first terminal to be Mackay was the first terminal to be
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upgraded upgraded
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from Waterside Workers to Bulk Handling. from Waterside Workers to Bulk Handling.
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And then the other term was followed shortly after. In 1958, we saw Bundaberg and Lucinda come online. And then the other term was followed shortly after. In 1958, we saw Bundaberg and Lucinda come online.
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Bundaberg was all road transport from the mills. Bundaberg was all road transport from the mills.
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And again, that was six ton boxes And again, that was six ton boxes
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ah, with - with up to four on one ah, with - with up to four on one
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prime mover -  one prime mover and a dog, prime mover -  one prime mover and a dog,
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or possibly just one box on the truck. or possibly just one box on the truck.
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Lucinda in same year came on Lucinda in same year came on
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and their method of handing sugar still exist today. They have and their method of handing sugar still exist today. They have
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6 tonne boxes that come down on the tramway system, 6 tonne boxes that come down on the tramway system,
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all by the sugar mill locos. all by the sugar mill locos.
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In 1959, Townsville Bulk Sugar Terminal In 1959, Townsville Bulk Sugar Terminal
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moved to bulk loading and the government railway moved to bulk loading and the government railway
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carried four boxes per wagon carried four boxes per wagon
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to the station. to the station.
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And each box held approximately six ton at that time. And each box held approximately six ton at that time.
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I might mention, too, that all this receiving was carried out during the day - daylight hours between 6 o'clock and and - 6:00 am and 6:00 pm. I might mention, too, that all this receiving was carried out during the day - daylight hours between 6 o'clock and and - 6:00 am and 6:00 pm.
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Ship loading was always around the clock 24 hours. Ship loading was always around the clock 24 hours.
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In  In 
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1960, approximately, Mourilyan Bulk Sugar Terminal 1960, approximately, Mourilyan Bulk Sugar Terminal
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was commissioned. was commissioned.
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And it had a um, And it had a um,
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two systems were similar to Mackay, except the tramway system was from the mills, from South Johnstone and Mourilyan, two systems were similar to Mackay, except the tramway system was from the mills, from South Johnstone and Mourilyan,
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and road was from Goondi and Tully. and road was from Goondi and Tully.
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Additionally, in Mourilyan in 1964, the more - the northern mills, Mulgrave and Hambledon and Babinda also Additionally, in Mourilyan in 1964, the more - the northern mills, Mulgrave and Hambledon and Babinda also
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transported their sugar through the - through the Mourilyan Bulk Sugar Terminal till - until the Cairns Bulk Sugar Terminal was commissioned in 1964. transported their sugar through the - through the Mourilyan Bulk Sugar Terminal till - until the Cairns Bulk Sugar Terminal was commissioned in 1964.
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So Mourilyan at that time was a very busy little port. So Mourilyan at that time was a very busy little port.
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In 1964, we saw the Cairns facility come online. That was a um, In 1964, we saw the Cairns facility come online. That was a um,
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sugar to the Cairns by rail, transferred to trucks and transported to the terminal, sugar to the Cairns by rail, transferred to trucks and transported to the terminal,
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again, in 6 ton boxes. again, in 6 ton boxes.
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The last terminal to be The last terminal to be
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commissioned was Bund- was Brisbane in  commissioned was Bund- was Brisbane in 
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1985, approximately. 1985, approximately.
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And it is still the same conditions as what it was then. They're still And it is still the same conditions as what it was then. They're still
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road transport with road transport with
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rear tippers. rear tippers.
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Since that time, Since that time,
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today we have Mackay, which is today we have Mackay, which is
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road transport is from road transport is from
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three of the mills and it is transported to the - to the terminal by B-double trucks. three of the mills and it is transported to the - to the terminal by B-double trucks.
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These be B-doubles hold about 40 tonne of sugar These be B-doubles hold about 40 tonne of sugar
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and they are owned by the transport company, not by the sugar terminal. and they are owned by the transport company, not by the sugar terminal.
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The railway The railway
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system is similar to what it was previously, but system is similar to what it was previously, but
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- up until this time, but this year they intend going to a side-tipping - up until this time, but this year they intend going to a side-tipping
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boxes supplied by the railway, which again will boxes supplied by the railway, which again will
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probably process about 40 tonne every time they probably process about 40 tonne every time they
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tip. tip.
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Townsville Bulk Sugar Terminal changed over to um, Townsville Bulk Sugar Terminal changed over to um,
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[?both those?] bottom dump wagons in 1982. [?both those?] bottom dump wagons in 1982.
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And they also carry about 42 tonne of sugar And they also carry about 42 tonne of sugar
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bottom dump. bottom dump.
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With all these systems, the manning has been greatly reduced. In Townsville's case, there is only one operator. With all these systems, the manning has been greatly reduced. In Townsville's case, there is only one operator.
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And probably the same in Mackay. And probably the same in Mackay.
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If we got further up the coast, Lucinda has still got the same system they had in 1958. If we got further up the coast, Lucinda has still got the same system they had in 1958.
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Mourilyan is all Mourilyan is all
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B-doubles, again, similar to Mackay; road, 42 tonne B-doubles, again, similar to Mackay; road, 42 tonne
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per per
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- per transport. - per transport.
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And Cairns also is the same. And Cairns also is the same.
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Similarly, Bundaberg is also B-doubles. So we've come a long way from 1957 where we had a hotchpotch type of Similarly, Bundaberg is also B-doubles. So we've come a long way from 1957 where we had a hotchpotch type of
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receiving of sugar, but in those days it served very well till we changed over from bag to bulk. receiving of sugar, but in those days it served very well till we changed over from bag to bulk.
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[Gai] When you changed over from bag to bulk, was there any negotiation with the unions? Did you have strikes? [Pat] There was negotiations with the waterfront [Gai] When you changed over from bag to bulk, was there any negotiation with the unions? Did you have strikes? [Pat] There was negotiations with the waterfront
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union, the MUA. I don't know what they called themselves at that time. But it was very amicable and it was done without any strikes or problems. It was very well done. union, the MUA. I don't know what they called themselves at that time. But it was very amicable and it was done without any strikes or problems. It was very well done.
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And full - full credit to the people who - [Gai] Yes. What happened to all those um, And full - full credit to the people who - [Gai] Yes. What happened to all those um,
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down to what, 10, down to what, 10,
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on the - from on the - from
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600 people - wharfies working 600 people - wharfies working
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to 10 people? to 10 people?
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[Pat] Well, 10 - [Gai] What happened? [Pat] Well, 10 - [Gai] What happened?
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They would They would
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do other duties on the wharf. I mean, there was still other wharf work for them to do, but they gradually, by natural attrition and by transferring from North Queensland to southern ports, they were absorbed. do other duties on the wharf. I mean, there was still other wharf work for them to do, but they gradually, by natural attrition and by transferring from North Queensland to southern ports, they were absorbed.
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There was a big outcry at the time about the town's going to die, There was a big outcry at the time about the town's going to die,
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but it didn't happen. It really didn't happen. but it didn't happen. It really didn't happen.
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And Cairns used to have six or 700 wharfies; today there's only about six there. And Cairns used to have six or 700 wharfies; today there's only about six there.
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[Gai] And everybody talks about the sugar shed fire. Can you tell me about that? [Pat] Oh, the sugar shed fire 9th of May 1963. I remember it well [Gai] And everybody talks about the sugar shed fire. Can you tell me about that? [Pat] Oh, the sugar shed fire 9th of May 1963. I remember it well
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because I was involved in it. because I was involved in it.
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Started on the um, Started on the um,
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it was - it was it was - it was
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reported by a watchman, reported by a watchman,
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Harbour Board watchman who had nothing to do with the Bulk Sugar Terminal. He just happened to see a glow through the translucent windows Harbour Board watchman who had nothing to do with the Bulk Sugar Terminal. He just happened to see a glow through the translucent windows
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at 8:00 pm on at 8:00 pm on
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the 9th of May, the 9th of May,
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and and
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who alerted the manager of the Bulk Sugar Terminal at that time, Bill Wayne. who alerted the manager of the Bulk Sugar Terminal at that time, Bill Wayne.
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The engineer was Ken Gayton. The engineer was Ken Gayton.
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And ah, we soon called the fire brigade. And ah, we soon called the fire brigade.
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And after the fire brigade raced in and opened the big door up, all hell broke loose. It was only a small fire, but it quickly became a And after the fire brigade raced in and opened the big door up, all hell broke loose. It was only a small fire, but it quickly became a
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big one because added oxygen we had big one because added oxygen we had
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into the fire, and within half an hour the whole shed was on fire. into the fire, and within half an hour the whole shed was on fire.
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How much sugar was in the shed? How much sugar was in the shed?
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8000 tons of sugar in the shed at the time. 8000 tons of sugar in the shed at the time.
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And And
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of course, the shed collapsed completely on top of the sugar, you know. And the fire brigade couldn't get to get - they couldn't get at the fire because in those days they didn't think sugar would burn. And I know that there was no firefighting facilities. of course, the shed collapsed completely on top of the sugar, you know. And the fire brigade couldn't get to get - they couldn't get at the fire because in those days they didn't think sugar would burn. And I know that there was no firefighting facilities.
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And And
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the big - the Galbestos walls prevented any entry to the fire brigade. There was no - no access at all. the big - the Galbestos walls prevented any entry to the fire brigade. There was no - no access at all.
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So it wasn't until it really collapsed that they could really get on top of it with a So it wasn't until it really collapsed that they could really get on top of it with a
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dog box. dog box.
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How many fire brigades were called in? How many fire brigades were called in?
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There was the Townsville Fire Brigade, There was the Townsville Fire Brigade,
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the Ingham Fire Brigade, Innisfail, the Ingham Fire Brigade, Innisfail,
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Ayr, and I'm not sure if Bowen was here - was here also. Bowen  could be here also. Ayr, and I'm not sure if Bowen was here - was here also. Bowen  could be here also.
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And they all And they all
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found out how deficient they were. found out how deficient they were.
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They all had different They all had different
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sizes, sizes,
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not - I wouldn't say the hose was a different size, but all their threads on the end of the hoses were all different sizes. not - I wouldn't say the hose was a different size, but all their threads on the end of the hoses were all different sizes.
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So one brigade could not So one brigade could not
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hook up to another brigade's hoses. hook up to another brigade's hoses.
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So there was a little bit of chaos came out of that. So there was a little bit of chaos came out of that.
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There was an American destroyer in at the time and it had a ah, excellent firefighting There was an American destroyer in at the time and it had a ah, excellent firefighting
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- a pump suitable for firefighting. - a pump suitable for firefighting.
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And And
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the 10 inch main was actually installed from the TREB pumping station and used to pump the water to the power station. the 10 inch main was actually installed from the TREB pumping station and used to pump the water to the power station.
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So the fire brigades hooked into this supply of water and there was an - once they got that going, there was an enormous amount of water going on the fire, but it was just running on the fire and running out the end of the shed in the tunnels and So the fire brigades hooked into this supply of water and there was an - once they got that going, there was an enormous amount of water going on the fire, but it was just running on the fire and running out the end of the shed in the tunnels and
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it wasn't until they really got some equipment to get on top of the fire - get above the fire it wasn't until they really got some equipment to get on top of the fire - get above the fire
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and suffocated it that it was extinguished on Monday morning. So it burnt actually for four days. and suffocated it that it was extinguished on Monday morning. So it burnt actually for four days.
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And what was the result of that? And what was the result of that?
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A result of that was the multimillion dollar fire protection system right throughout the bulk sugar terminals. A result of that was the multimillion dollar fire protection system right throughout the bulk sugar terminals.
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And And
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- which was - which was
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knee jerk, but I mean that was - had to be done, otherwise insurance companies would not knee jerk, but I mean that was - had to be done, otherwise insurance companies would not
12:32

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- it was actually the biggest insurance payout in Australian history. It may still be the same on dollar value. - it was actually the biggest insurance payout in Australian history. It may still be the same on dollar value.
12:38

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£1 million it was then. £1 million it was then.
12:41

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How did the town react? How did the town react?
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Well, the town reacted Well, the town reacted
12:47

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oh, more with curi- curiosity. There was no oh, more with curi- curiosity. There was no
12:49

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- there was unlimited volunteers to come down and fight the fire. - there was unlimited volunteers to come down and fight the fire.
12:54

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Knocking them back 'cause people wanted to get in and fight the fire. Used to have university students too at that time. And one of the biggest problems was our secretary at that time, Joe Coombs, Knocking them back 'cause people wanted to get in and fight the fire. Used to have university students too at that time. And one of the biggest problems was our secretary at that time, Joe Coombs,
13:04

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he still tells the story; we bought every pair of gumboots between Brisbane and Cairns. he still tells the story; we bought every pair of gumboots between Brisbane and Cairns.
13:08

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And at the end of the fire, there wasn't a set - a pair of gumboots left. And at the end of the fire, there wasn't a set - a pair of gumboots left.
13:12

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That was a trade off. That was a trade off.
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There was There was
13:20

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a big fish kill in Ross Creek. a big fish kill in Ross Creek.
13:23

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And of course it was that at the end of the day there was about eight - 10,000 ton of sugar went missing ah, that was washed into Ross Creek. And of course it was that at the end of the day there was about eight - 10,000 ton of sugar went missing ah, that was washed into Ross Creek.
13:30

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All the buildings along Ross Creek also suffered; their paint blistered. And All the buildings along Ross Creek also suffered; their paint blistered. And
13:35

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from the gases in the sugar, all the silverware in the cafes and hotels turned black. from the gases in the sugar, all the silverware in the cafes and hotels turned black.
13:40

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But there was no great public outcry. Like, as - if it happened today, there would be But there was no great public outcry. Like, as - if it happened today, there would be
13:45

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- there would be enormous complaint. There was no really - there would be enormous complaint. There was no really
13:49

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- there were no - there's no complaints - there were no - there's no complaints
13:52

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as what you'd expect today. People were more curious, you know. as what you'd expect today. People were more curious, you know.
13:59

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And you - what was your actual involvement? And you - what was your actual involvement?
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I was an electrician so my involvement was I was an electrician so my involvement was
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keeping the floodlights up to the firefighters and, you know, where we could and keeping the pumps running. keeping the floodlights up to the firefighters and, you know, where we could and keeping the pumps running.
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Underneath the sugar shed there was a big - there's a tunnel. Underneath the sugar shed there was a big - there's a tunnel.
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And the sugar was continually bleeding. And most of it was bleeding into the tunnel. It filled with water continually. And to stop the tunnel filling up, we kept the pumps And the sugar was continually bleeding. And most of it was bleeding into the tunnel. It filled with water continually. And to stop the tunnel filling up, we kept the pumps
14:25

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running to running to
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keep it free. If it would have blocked up, would have been a keep it free. If it would have blocked up, would have been a
14:29

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- a bigger disaster. - a bigger disaster.
14:31

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We had special pumps brought in by the sugar mills 'cause one of the mills in Ayr in particular We had special pumps brought in by the sugar mills 'cause one of the mills in Ayr in particular
14:36

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ah, ah,
14:38

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and they kept labour here at the same time to keep the pumps and they kept labour here at the same time to keep the pumps
14:42

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running too. running too.
14:46

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We were working 12 hour shifts. Yeah, 12 hours on and 12 hours off We were working 12 hour shifts. Yeah, 12 hours on and 12 hours off
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until it was over - all over. until it was over - all over.
14:52

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And the whole area was one big And the whole area was one big
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mass of sugary molasses. mass of sugary molasses.
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Between the sugar shed and the workshop, the whole lot was Between the sugar shed and the workshop, the whole lot was
15:01

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- was incredible. - was incredible.
15:03

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What did it smell like? What did it smell like?
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Burnt sugar; I can still smell it. Burnt sugar; I can still smell it.
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You know, if you've ever burnt sugar on the stove. You know, if you've ever burnt sugar on the stove.
15:15

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Can you remember what your feelings were when you were called? Can you remember what your feelings were when you were called?
15:19

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Well, actually I was at Mackay Bulk Sugar Terminal when it actually started, Well, actually I was at Mackay Bulk Sugar Terminal when it actually started,
15:23

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relieving the electrician down there. And I relieving the electrician down there. And I
15:27

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- well, I - I heard the next morning - well, I - I heard the next morning
15:30

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the news that the shed burnt down the news that the shed burnt down
15:32

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and we took it from there. and we took it from there.
15:35

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We thought when you read the - the media release was, oh, it's over, finished. We thought when you read the - the media release was, oh, it's over, finished.
15:40

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It wasn't. It wasn't over by any means, so I flew straight back to Townsville. It wasn't. It wasn't over by any means, so I flew straight back to Townsville.
15:46

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I missed the initial startup. [Gai] You - you actually came back of your own volition or you were called back? [Pat] No, they asked me to come back, yeah. I missed the initial startup. [Gai] You - you actually came back of your own volition or you were called back? [Pat] No, they asked me to come back, yeah.
15:52

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[Gai] What - what were your feelings when you saw it? Did you fly over it? [Pat] No, I drove back. And I came over the hill and saw it from a distance and I couldn't believe it. [Gai] What - what were your feelings when you saw it? Did you fly over it? [Pat] No, I drove back. And I came over the hill and saw it from a distance and I couldn't believe it.
16:02

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There wasn't a lot of smoke, it was just a big glow. There wasn't a lot of smoke, it was just a big glow.
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Didn't burn with a lot kd smoke. Didn't burn with a lot kd smoke.
16:08

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The heat was enormous. The heat was enormous.
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Buckled all the trusses, steel trusses. You couldn't hardly believe it happened. Buckled all the trusses, steel trusses. You couldn't hardly believe it happened.
16:17

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So there'll be no more fires in bulk sugar terminals, that's for sure, with the fire protection we've got these days. So there'll be no more fires in bulk sugar terminals, that's for sure, with the fire protection we've got these days.
16:25

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What do you think would be What do you think would be
16:27

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a memory that you would take away as a memory that you would take away as
16:31

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something that would be the funniest thing you can think of something that would be the funniest thing you can think of
16:36

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[?that you can remember?]? [?that you can remember?]?
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You telling your grandchildren the funniest thing? You telling your grandchildren the funniest thing?
16:47

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Can't think at the moment. Can't think at the moment.
16:49

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Most of them are pretty serious Most of them are pretty serious
16:51

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disasters. [Gai] Well, give us another serious one, apart from the sugar shed. [Pat] Well, with the Darphine sitting at Lucinda when I was there on the 19th of March 1990. disasters. [Gai] Well, give us another serious one, apart from the sugar shed. [Pat] Well, with the Darphine sitting at Lucinda when I was there on the 19th of March 1990.
17:01

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And we had a Darphine ship alongside the wharf loading sugar. And we had a Darphine ship alongside the wharf loading sugar.
17:05

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And we were a bit worried about a depression up north. And the depression was actually Cyclone Ivor it was supposed to be named. And we were a bit worried about a depression up north. And the depression was actually Cyclone Ivor it was supposed to be named.
17:13

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Cyclone Ivor was supposed to be extinct, but it wasn't. Cyclone Ivor was supposed to be extinct, but it wasn't.
17:16

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And we loaded something like 6,000 tonne of sugar on this vessel and the rain - heavy rain came in and we stopped loading. And we loaded something like 6,000 tonne of sugar on this vessel and the rain - heavy rain came in and we stopped loading.
17:24

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and went home. and went home.
17:28

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Yes, we started loading at midnight and we stopped loading at 6:00 in the morning and then it rained all day. Went and saw the captain and he said, "Oh, it's too wet. We Yes, we started loading at midnight and we stopped loading at 6:00 in the morning and then it rained all day. Went and saw the captain and he said, "Oh, it's too wet. We
17:36

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will come back in the morning and start it." It was raining, but it wasn't blowing. And that night it started to blow and actually what had actually happened in fact it was Cyclone Ivor had come back as a - as a mini cyclone again and um, will come back in the morning and start it." It was raining, but it wasn't blowing. And that night it started to blow and actually what had actually happened in fact it was Cyclone Ivor had come back as a - as a mini cyclone again and um,
17:50

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fair bit of wind and the ship started to pound the wharf. fair bit of wind and the ship started to pound the wharf.
17:54

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And the ship's crew were obviously asleep and it demolished one of their fenders. And the ship's crew were obviously asleep and it demolished one of their fenders.
17:60

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And then it was starting to eat And then it was starting to eat
18:02

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- if it had gone any further, it would have taken it into the wharf. - if it had gone any further, it would have taken it into the wharf.
18:06

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We discovered what was going on and we got rid of it, but it was pretty um, the winds were blowing around about 50 knots. It was pretty - and it's six kilometres out to sea, it's not a walk in to shore. And that was pretty traumatic and We discovered what was going on and we got rid of it, but it was pretty um, the winds were blowing around about 50 knots. It was pretty - and it's six kilometres out to sea, it's not a walk in to shore. And that was pretty traumatic and
18:19

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seeing it happen and you can't do anything about it until you get rid of the ship. The ship had a hole in the bow too so seeing it happen and you can't do anything about it until you get rid of the ship. The ship had a hole in the bow too so
18:26

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it could have been much worse. That was a $1 million exercise, $1.1 million later.  it could have been much worse. That was a $1 million exercise, $1.1 million later. 
18:34

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Another incident was in the port in Bundaberg when Another incident was in the port in Bundaberg when
18:38

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[?we were just restarting the shift to unload and the next thing the blokes along the front?] look up and the conveyor belt's falling down on the floor. [?we were just restarting the shift to unload and the next thing the blokes along the front?] look up and the conveyor belt's falling down on the floor.
18:45

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And what had happened was the And what had happened was the
18:48

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head drum on the - what they call a trip on top of the shed had snapped. head drum on the - what they call a trip on top of the shed had snapped.
18:52

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And then because the drum couldn't go around, it snapped the belt and away it went. And that was in the middle of the crushing season, so And then because the drum couldn't go around, it snapped the belt and away it went. And that was in the middle of the crushing season, so
18:58

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we had receive sugar by truck into - into the ends of the sheds  we had receive sugar by truck into - into the ends of the sheds 
19:03

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until we got it all fixed again about 36 hours later. So that was until we got it all fixed again about 36 hours later. So that was
19:07

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36 hours of nonstop 36 hours of nonstop
19:10

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work to get it going. That was some of the work to get it going. That was some of the
19:13

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- you know, hurt that - you know, hurt that
19:16

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you had to put up with. That was - could do without, but that's what happened. you had to put up with. That was - could do without, but that's what happened.
19:29

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I think the only characters I can remember probably used to be working in Townsville. I think the only characters I can remember probably used to be working in Townsville.
19:34

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Kenny Jelling, he was - worked - he still lives at Oonoomba. He retired about three or four years ago. He was a character. Kenny Jelling, he was - worked - he still lives at Oonoomba. He retired about three or four years ago. He was a character.
19:40

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He was an ex-Korean He was an ex-Korean
19:42

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soldier - oh, from that war. soldier - oh, from that war.
19:45

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He told some tall stories in that war, so He told some tall stories in that war, so
19:48

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- tell lots of tall stories actually. - tell lots of tall stories actually.
19:55

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Percy Pearce was our manager in Bundaberg. And he was a character too, I suppose, in his own way. He'd been also um, Percy Pearce was our manager in Bundaberg. And he was a character too, I suppose, in his own way. He'd been also um,
20:02

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in the RAAF during the war, and he told us lots of stories about his war experiences in the RAAF during the war, and he told us lots of stories about his war experiences
20:07

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deploying Catalinas, so that was - he was always very interesting to talk to. deploying Catalinas, so that was - he was always very interesting to talk to.
20:11

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Whether you wanted it or not to have Percy talk about it, so Whether you wanted it or not to have Percy talk about it, so
20:18

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[?the biggest?] - ah, I think, what I didn't mention was - earlier was um, [?the biggest?] - ah, I think, what I didn't mention was - earlier was um,
20:24

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when these terminals were designed in and studied in 1957, the loading rate when these terminals were designed in and studied in 1957, the loading rate
20:29

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loading ships was around about 700 ton an hour, 750 ton an hour. loading ships was around about 700 ton an hour, 750 ton an hour.
20:34

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And we're now loading 2200 tonne an hour with the same facility. And we're now loading 2200 tonne an hour with the same facility.
20:40

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Just been upgraded. Just been upgraded.
20:43

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See, more horses, more speed. See, more horses, more speed.
20:45

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That's all it amounted to. [Gai] Mmm. [Pat] Didn't have to rebuild anything. That's all it amounted to. [Gai] Mmm. [Pat] Didn't have to rebuild anything.
20:48

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So now we have a 40,000 tonne ship, we'll turn it around in 24 hours, whereas the wharfies in the old days used to take So now we have a 40,000 tonne ship, we'll turn it around in 24 hours, whereas the wharfies in the old days used to take
20:54

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six weeks six weeks
20:56

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for 10,000 tons. for 10,000 tons.
20:60

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[Gai] Getting bigger and faster? [Pat] I don't think it'll get [Gai] Getting bigger and faster? [Pat] I don't think it'll get
21:04

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- only marginally because at this stage because the customers overseas - only marginally because at this stage because the customers overseas
21:10

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don't want large shipments of sugar like they do coal. I mean, it depends on the customer. He only wants 15,000 tonne or he wants 30,000 tonne. don't want large shipments of sugar like they do coal. I mean, it depends on the customer. He only wants 15,000 tonne or he wants 30,000 tonne.
21:20

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In addition to that, you have these ships that come in and we can load a 40,000 tonne ship in 24 hours. In addition to that, you have these ships that come in and we can load a 40,000 tonne ship in 24 hours.
21:26

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He might come in and say, "Now, I want 36 hours to pump my ballast out." He might come in and say, "Now, I want 36 hours to pump my ballast out."
21:30

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The ballast is [?wells for where?] they carry to keep the ship - the propeller in the water. The ballast is [?wells for where?] they carry to keep the ship - the propeller in the water.
21:34

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So So
21:36

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often there's no advantage to the loading equipment. often there's no advantage to the loading equipment.
21:40

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I really think the facilities they've got now are as fast as they'll ever go because sugar can only go - you can only put so much sugar down a chute, you know, without going bigger and better and wider. And I really think the facilities they've got now are as fast as they'll ever go because sugar can only go - you can only put so much sugar down a chute, you know, without going bigger and better and wider. And
21:52

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$100 million later, it's not worth it unless you get a return for your money. So $100 million later, it's not worth it unless you get a return for your money. So
21:57

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I think [...] the moment. I think [...] the moment.
21:60

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We have a one-man receiving station and we have six men loading the ship. We have a one-man receiving station and we have six men loading the ship.
22:10

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No, we've -  ship loading is 20 - is 24 hours if it's required, and receiving is also 24 hours now, whereas previous in 1957 it was always 8 hours then. No, we've -  ship loading is 20 - is 24 hours if it's required, and receiving is also 24 hours now, whereas previous in 1957 it was always 8 hours then.
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It was always required. It was always required.
22:21

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Townsville - I can't quote other figures for other terminals, but in 1959 Townsville Townsville - I can't quote other figures for other terminals, but in 1959 Townsville
22:27

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was - handled 200,000 ton of sugar and today we're handing one and a-quarter million. was - handled 200,000 ton of sugar and today we're handing one and a-quarter million.
22:34

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[Gai] This is over the sugar - the season or this is all year round? [Pat] Over the season. [Gai] This is over the sugar - the season or this is all year round? [Pat] Over the season.
22:39

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It's all year round shipping. We received one and a-quarter million between It's all year round shipping. We received one and a-quarter million between
22:43

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June and November, six months span. June and November, six months span.
22:47

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Be about 24 weeks. Be about 24 weeks.
22:49

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And then shipping - shed's usually full at the end of the crushing and you ship that out to customers as you're require between And then shipping - shed's usually full at the end of the crushing and you ship that out to customers as you're require between
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November and June. November and June.
23:01

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It's actually been a It's actually been a
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- I've actually made a career of it and I've never been sorry I've made a career of it, so it's - I've actually made a career of it and I've never been sorry I've made a career of it, so it's
23:09

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very very
23:11

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fruitful, actually, very um, fruitful, actually, very um,
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you get a lot of job satisfaction out of it. you get a lot of job satisfaction out of it.
23:17

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You see You see
23:18

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- see things happening, things getting done - see things happening, things getting done
23:21

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and you know you're performing. If you're not - you weren't, you wouldn't be happy. and you know you're performing. If you're not - you weren't, you wouldn't be happy.
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[Gai] Thank you very much indeed. [Pat] Oh, bit of a disorder, but you can fix it up for me. [laughing] I just want to get that bit about the 2000 ton, 2200 ton now what we were in '57 and what we are today. [Gai] Thank you very much indeed. [Pat] Oh, bit of a disorder, but you can fix it up for me. [laughing] I just want to get that bit about the 2000 ton, 2200 ton now what we were in '57 and what we are today.
23:40

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Receiving figures don't matter that much because they're 24 hours now. Receiving figures don't matter that much because they're 24 hours now.
23:43

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But the crop's gone up that big, it's so big now, so But the crop's gone up that big, it's so big now, so
23:47

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- and they're still talking about making the crop bigger, but we can't get bigger - and they're still talking about making the crop bigger, but we can't get bigger
23:51

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for storage. for storage.
23:53

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[Gai] The different changes in the types of sugar that have been used, does that make any difference to the way it flows along the belt? [Pat] It does marginally, yeah, 5%. [Gai] The different changes in the types of sugar that have been used, does that make any difference to the way it flows along the belt? [Pat] It does marginally, yeah, 5%.
24:02

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Well, there's Brand 1 sugar which flows - well, there's actually about four different types of sugar now. Well, there's Brand 1 sugar which flows - well, there's actually about four different types of sugar now.
24:07

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In 1957 there was only one, Brand 1. Then there's brand 1 and JA that was especially In 1957 there was only one, Brand 1. Then there's brand 1 and JA that was especially
24:13

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a low pol sugar for the Japanese market. Pol is the sweetness of the sugar. a low pol sugar for the Japanese market. Pol is the sweetness of the sugar.
24:17

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And that's a stickier sugar. So if you're loading And that's a stickier sugar. So if you're loading
24:22

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Brand 1 at 2200, you come back to 2000 for the JA. You come back. Brand 1 at 2200, you come back to 2000 for the JA. You come back.
24:27

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[...]. Then you got the VLC, very low colour, that they manufacture in Mackay now for - for its refineries. [...]. Then you got the VLC, very low colour, that they manufacture in Mackay now for - for its refineries.
24:36

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So when it gets to the refinery, it's So when it gets to the refinery, it's
24:38

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- there's not much - so much work to do. It's almost refined sugar. It's not quite. And the VHP, the very high pol sugar, - there's not much - so much work to do. It's almost refined sugar. It's not quite. And the VHP, the very high pol sugar,
24:46

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for markets overseas; some seasons they want the sweeter sugar just so it makes it sweeter. And ah, for markets overseas; some seasons they want the sweeter sugar just so it makes it sweeter. And ah,
24:52

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it - it flows very easily too, so - it - it flows very easily too, so -
24:57

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[Gai] So when you're storing it in the shed here, do you get the different sugars here or do - [Pat] Yes. [Gai] different sheds store different sugars [...]? [Pat] We sort - we separate them JA and Brand 1 here. [Gai] So when you're storing it in the shed here, do you get the different sugars here or do - [Pat] Yes. [Gai] different sheds store different sugars [...]? [Pat] We sort - we separate them JA and Brand 1 here.
25:07

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Traditionally JA's number 1 shed, number - Brand 1's number 2 shed. [Gai] Two different sheds? [Pat] Two sheds. But if you get more Brand 1 than JA, then you've got to put Brand 1 in the second shed and it's - once it's toe to toe, you want  to keep them apart, keep them segarated - segrated, yes. Traditionally JA's number 1 shed, number - Brand 1's number 2 shed. [Gai] Two different sheds? [Pat] Two sheds. But if you get more Brand 1 than JA, then you've got to put Brand 1 in the second shed and it's - once it's toe to toe, you want  to keep them apart, keep them segarated - segrated, yes.
25:24

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But down in Mackay, they got four different brands down there, but they got four sheds, too. But down in Mackay, they got four different brands down there, but they got four sheds, too.
25:31

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[Gai] Mackay is a bigger operation? [Pat]Mackay is a bigger operation. It's one - [Gai] Which is the biggest? [Pat] Mackay, one and a-half million tonne of raw sugar. [Gai] Mackay is a bigger operation? [Pat]Mackay is a bigger operation. It's one - [Gai] Which is the biggest? [Pat] Mackay, one and a-half million tonne of raw sugar.
25:38

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We have one and a-quarter, We have one and a-quarter,
25:41

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Lucinda has 700 - Lucinda has 700 -
25:45

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700,000, 700,000,
25:51

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Mourilyan is around about the 600,000, Cairns is about 250,000. Cairns has actually got smaller because  Mourilyan is around about the 600,000, Cairns is about 250,000. Cairns has actually got smaller because 
25:58

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sugar farms disappeared with real estate taking over. sugar farms disappeared with real estate taking over.
26:02

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Bundaberg's about 550,000 and Brisbane's not very much, Bundaberg's about 550,000 and Brisbane's not very much,
26:07

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100,000. [Gai] Where does the sugar come from? 100,000. [Gai] Where does the sugar come from?
26:09

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It comes from Rocky Point and from ah - that's Brisbane North, It comes from Rocky Point and from ah - that's Brisbane North,
26:12

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and from Nambour, that's Moreton - Moreton. and from Nambour, that's Moreton - Moreton.
26:16

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And they might take some from Maryborough, depending on the And they might take some from Maryborough, depending on the
26:20

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- on the storage in Bundaberg. Bundaberg normally goes - Maryborough normally goes to Bundaberg because they haven't got much choice, apart from taking it to Brisbane. Long way to take it. - on the storage in Bundaberg. Bundaberg normally goes - Maryborough normally goes to Bundaberg because they haven't got much choice, apart from taking it to Brisbane. Long way to take it.
26:30

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Northern New South Wales mills came in to Brisbane when it first opened up, but then they went on their own. They said they don't want the bulk  sugar terminal and they went and made their refined sugar down in Manildra, but now that's - that operation is not going that happily along, they want Northern New South Wales mills came in to Brisbane when it first opened up, but then they went on their own. They said they don't want the bulk  sugar terminal and they went and made their refined sugar down in Manildra, but now that's - that operation is not going that happily along, they want
26:45

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to export their raw sugar again. So I don't know what's going to happen. to export their raw sugar again. So I don't know what's going to happen.