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Kevin Cutler of Bundaberg, who was a sugar mill worker in this region. Good afternoon Mr. Cutler. [Kevin] How do you do. [Ros] Mr. Cutler, would you like to tell me a little bit about your - your childhood, where you grew up and your background. Kevin Cutler of Bundaberg, who was a sugar mill worker in this region. Good afternoon Mr. Cutler. [Kevin] How do you do. [Ros] Mr. Cutler, would you like to tell me a little bit about your - your childhood, where you grew up and your background.
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Well, I grew up on a dairy farm Well, I grew up on a dairy farm
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23 miles out of Ro- uh Rosewood 23 miles out of Ro- uh Rosewood
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and uh and uh
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I only went to the ordinary state school level I only went to the ordinary state school level
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and then I worked my dad's farm for another 14 years. I left school when I was 15. I lived there another 14 years, and I got a bit fed up. Wasn't getting any money, only promises. So anyway, I was a bit desperate, you know, I couldn't get anywhere and that's - I'd be, and then I worked my dad's farm for another 14 years. I left school when I was 15. I lived there another 14 years, and I got a bit fed up. Wasn't getting any money, only promises. So anyway, I was a bit desperate, you know, I couldn't get anywhere and that's - I'd be,
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I'm not getting any younger, wonder what I can do see?  So, I wanted to join the Air Force and couldn't. I'm not getting any younger, wonder what I can do see?  So, I wanted to join the Air Force and couldn't.
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So, I had 2 or 3 goes at joining the Air Force So, I had 2 or 3 goes at joining the Air Force
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and uh they, qual- didn't have any qualifications. [Nola] And when was this? [Kevin] There's 1940. [Nola] Right. [Kevin] 1940. and uh they, qual- didn't have any qualifications. [Nola] And when was this? [Kevin] There's 1940. [Nola] Right. [Kevin] 1940.
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And I couldn't join because I - I didn't have the qualifications and they'd asked, this one chap said, ?inaudible? I - I said ?inaudible? he knew, he was a blue awkward you know? And I couldn't join because I - I didn't have the qualifications and they'd asked, this one chap said, ?inaudible? I - I said ?inaudible? he knew, he was a blue awkward you know?
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Anyway uh Anyway uh
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I - I then I went to uh the tech college at Ipswich on afternoon classes 4 hours every afternoon, Saturday afternoon and I did that for 6 months. At the end of the 6 months, or near the end of the 6 months, the principal of the college come to me and he said, why don't you put in for this training scheme we're putting on this is uh very short of tradesmen and he said uh I - I then I went to uh the tech college at Ipswich on afternoon classes 4 hours every afternoon, Saturday afternoon and I did that for 6 months. At the end of the 6 months, or near the end of the 6 months, the principal of the college come to me and he said, why don't you put in for this training scheme we're putting on this is uh very short of tradesmen and he said uh
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that - get you, give you 3 months, extensive training, full time, everything, you have posted out to various workshops so uh that - get you, give you 3 months, extensive training, full time, everything, you have posted out to various workshops so uh
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I said, well how do I do it? And he said I'll give you an application form. So I'll put an application form. Within a week, I had an interview with the I said, well how do I do it? And he said I'll give you an application form. So I'll put an application form. Within a week, I had an interview with the
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big heads down in Brisbane Central Technical College big heads down in Brisbane Central Technical College
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and uh they said, you'll hear from us so about a weeks' time, I heard from them, and I started July 31st, 1941, the Ipswich Technical College in full time. [Ros] And how old were you then? [Kevin] I was - then I was uh 28. and uh they said, you'll hear from us so about a weeks' time, I heard from them, and I started July 31st, 1941, the Ipswich Technical College in full time. [Ros] And how old were you then? [Kevin] I was - then I was uh 28.
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Like 29 by the time I started there, 29. Like 29 by the time I started there, 29.
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At 28 left home. Anyway uh At 28 left home. Anyway uh
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I did that training there for 10 months. Intensive training it was 20 - 20 on each shift, 3 shifts working around the clock. I did that training there for 10 months. Intensive training it was 20 - 20 on each shift, 3 shifts working around the clock.
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[Ros] While you were training? [Kevin] Yeah while I was training - training on each shift. [Ros] While you were training? [Kevin] Yeah while I was training - training on each shift.
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And uh then I - And uh then I -
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I stayed there 10 months, wondering when I'm going to get away see, they're all going, all going. And then I - I thought my time was getting pretty close and he kept this, principle's come around me one afternoon, he said. Listen, man, there's a job going at - I stayed there 10 months, wondering when I'm going to get away see, they're all going, all going. And then I - I thought my time was getting pretty close and he kept this, principle's come around me one afternoon, he said. Listen, man, there's a job going at -
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At Bundaberg, ?inaudible? and I said, where's the hell, where the heck's that? And he said, oh it's 15 miles out of Bundaberg. At Bundaberg, ?inaudible? and I said, where's the hell, where the heck's that? And he said, oh it's 15 miles out of Bundaberg.
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So, he said I'll give you 24 hours to think it over because you needn't take it if you don't want to, because he said the other 2 before you and they'd knocked it back. I said I don't want 24 hours - I'll go. So, he said I'll give you 24 hours to think it over because you needn't take it if you don't want to, because he said the other 2 before you and they'd knocked it back. I said I don't want 24 hours - I'll go.
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So, I - I caught the train into Brisbane So, I - I caught the train into Brisbane
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at the 31st of May 1942, land in Lundberg next day at the 31st of May 1942, land in Lundberg next day
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and then and then
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out to ?inaudible? by train, the ?inaudible? train used to come into Bundaberg that time. out to ?inaudible? by train, the ?inaudible? train used to come into Bundaberg that time.
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I went out there and then they, went to their office and um the chief draftsman there, and he said, I'll show you around. I went out there and then they, went to their office and um the chief draftsman there, and he said, I'll show you around.
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So showed me around the mill and then he - he come to this big lathe, he said - So showed me around the mill and then he - he come to this big lathe, he said -
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he said this is where your gonna be working. he said this is where your gonna be working.
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This is where you'll be working this big lathe. This is where you'll be working this big lathe.
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I nearly fell over backwards. I nearly fell over backwards.
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So anyway, uh I worked on that for a few months then. So anyway, uh I worked on that for a few months then.
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And uh all over Queensland, all the shop, garages, little shops and everything were building parts for that big lathe - And uh all over Queensland, all the shop, garages, little shops and everything were building parts for that big lathe -
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big lathe. big lathe.
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And um And um
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then finally then finally
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that job cut out. that job cut out.
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And I went on ordinary fitting and turning in the middle. And I went on ordinary fitting and turning in the middle.
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And uh then that - they - they assembled a big lathe in Ipswich workshops, which is about 4 times as big as the one we had at Bingerra And uh then that - they - they assembled a big lathe in Ipswich workshops, which is about 4 times as big as the one we had at Bingerra
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and uh they had a christening ceremony and they put one of the shaft we'd turned, I'd helped turn put in the and uh they had a christening ceremony and they put one of the shaft we'd turned, I'd helped turn put in the
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big lathe to show it off. big lathe to show it off.
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[Nola] And what sort of hours did you - you were shift working then? [Kevin] I was shift working yes, we were working 24 hours um 24 hours a day, except Sa- Sunday. [Nola] And what sort of hours did you - you were shift working then? [Kevin] I was shift working yes, we were working 24 hours um 24 hours a day, except Sa- Sunday.
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Had 44-hour weeks those time Had 44-hour weeks those time
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and uh worked round the clock. and uh worked round the clock.
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And we finally finished that contract and they were ?inaudible? those - those shafts for the for - for the 20 And we finally finished that contract and they were ?inaudible? those - those shafts for the for - for the 20
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no, wait a minute. I'm getting bogged. Those shafts were made for the 10,000 ton no, wait a minute. I'm getting bogged. Those shafts were made for the 10,000 ton
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River Class vessels, River Class. They're called River Class because they're named after old rivers, like Flinders and uh Fitzroy and that sort of thing. So anyway uh River Class vessels, River Class. They're called River Class because they're named after old rivers, like Flinders and uh Fitzroy and that sort of thing. So anyway uh
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of course, when they assembled, the big boat to put that shaft in, one of our shafts, and I carried on that ?inaudible? for of course, when they assembled, the big boat to put that shaft in, one of our shafts, and I carried on that ?inaudible? for
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another oh 'til 1964. [Nola] So you were - you were making your lathe at Bingerra Mill that went in a [Kevin] no [Nola] ?inaudible? [Kevin] We weren't making the parts there. We were done - we were doing the big shafts there. [Nola] Right. [Kevin] But all the little workshops like garage and everything were - were making parts and all the founders making parts for these big lathes and it made 2 of 'em. another oh 'til 1964. [Nola] So you were - you were making your lathe at Bingerra Mill that went in a [Kevin] no [Nola] ?inaudible? [Kevin] We weren't making the parts there. We were done - we were doing the big shafts there. [Nola] Right. [Kevin] But all the little workshops like garage and everything were - were making parts and all the founders making parts for these big lathes and it made 2 of 'em.
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And when they they built this, assembled the first one now and it was this big christening see. And the staff engineers from here went down. They told me that the- how sharp that has turned everything the light. And when they they built this, assembled the first one now and it was this big christening see. And the staff engineers from here went down. They told me that the- how sharp that has turned everything the light.
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[Ros] And so what? What was the like, the machinery you working on? What was that used for here in Bingera?  [Ros] And so what? What was the like, the machinery you working on? What was that used for here in Bingera? 
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[Kevin] Sentence after after the big shots. [Ros] Yeah, but the machinery itself, that was used to crush the the cane? [Kevin] Sentence after after the big shots. [Ros] Yeah, but the machinery itself, that was used to crush the the cane?
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[Kevin] Yes, yes, yes. Ohh, yes. Last time I didn't need turning. I worked out of Milliquin. [Kevin] Yes, yes, yes. Ohh, yes. Last time I didn't need turning. I worked out of Milliquin.
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I turned 14 miles in one season over there, returned the rollers. They regrew them and return him saying like, turned these 14 rollers over there and then. I turned 14 miles in one season over there, returned the rollers. They regrew them and return him saying like, turned these 14 rollers over there and then.
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There's still sort of a spare Turner. Spare fitter over there. There's still sort of a spare Turner. Spare fitter over there.
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And one day they actually shift on the man. He said that. And one day they actually shift on the man. He said that.
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What do you know about the weather? Says Ohh. Not a hang of lot never works. I'm embarrassed. I've got me Engineer's ticket. And he says, well come on I'll show you a job. [Ros] When did you get your engineers ticket? How did that [...]? [Kevin] Ohh 147. After that, five years in. I was not very well received because I wasn't a fully. What do you know about the weather? Says Ohh. Not a hang of lot never works. I'm embarrassed. I've got me Engineer's ticket. And he says, well come on I'll show you a job. [Ros] When did you get your engineers ticket? How did that [...]? [Kevin] Ohh 147. After that, five years in. I was not very well received because I wasn't a fully.
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Apprentice. Apprentice.
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Engineer, you know? And I wasn't very well received of anger. Some of them were bit sooty on me, but anyway. Engineer, you know? And I wasn't very well received of anger. Some of them were bit sooty on me, but anyway.
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I put one over them, I thought-think. Because when I had five years on I made an application to sit for my second class engineers ticket. I put one over them, I thought-think. Because when I had five years on I made an application to sit for my second class engineers ticket.
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And there was no thing in the laws or regulations to stop him sitting in our city. And I sat and gained it. And there was no thing in the laws or regulations to stop him sitting in our city. And I sat and gained it.
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In 1947, so then I. In 1947, so then I.
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What was that ticket then after that at Bingara. I was put on driving vacuum pumps and crashing into and all that sort of thing up next 17 years? What was that ticket then after that at Bingara. I was put on driving vacuum pumps and crashing into and all that sort of thing up next 17 years?
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And the end of 64, I got a bit fed up or I didn't get enough money. And the end of 64, I got a bit fed up or I didn't get enough money.
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I was on shift work and chips. I was on shift work and chips.
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Didn't have qualifications as good as I did for getting more money in me. Didn't have qualifications as good as I did for getting more money in me.
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So i went to to the chief and I said "What about this?" I said I'm here because I've got this lousy ticket. And I said, "father, I haven't got the ticket. [...]" and he said "right I'll fix that up". So i went to to the chief and I said "What about this?" I said I'm here because I've got this lousy ticket. And I said, "father, I haven't got the ticket. [...]" and he said "right I'll fix that up".
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So there you go for that two weeks and everything. So I. So there you go for that two weeks and everything. So I.
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I left and went to the Bundy family. I left and went to the Bundy family.
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[Ros] So when you arrived at Bingera, you got your cane stuff on the train. [Kevin] Yeah. [Ros] Did they have accommodation? did you have- [Kevin] Yes. [Ros] Quarters out there at the mill? [Kevin] At the mill I had. [Ros] So when you arrived at Bingera, you got your cane stuff on the train. [Kevin] Yeah. [Ros] Did they have accommodation? did you have- [Kevin] Yes. [Ros] Quarters out there at the mill? [Kevin] At the mill I had.
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That what they call a cookhouse and. That what they call a cookhouse and.
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A test of the cookhouse what he saw the landing, more or less. A test of the cookhouse what he saw the landing, more or less.
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There's 4 bedrooms. There's 4 bedrooms.
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And sort of sitting down in the dining room. That's where I lived when I first met- one of those bedrooms. [Ros] And were other-other people, other men working and living there at the same time? [Kevin] Well only-no, not at that-not at the  beginning. It was later on when they called it the-the-the. And sort of sitting down in the dining room. That's where I lived when I first met- one of those bedrooms. [Ros] And were other-other people, other men working and living there at the same time? [Kevin] Well only-no, not at that-not at the  beginning. It was later on when they called it the-the-the.
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Boarding house. Boarding house.
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Later on when they get shift chemists and all that sort of thing, government may not-they they put him in my room and I had company then. Later on when they get shift chemists and all that sort of thing, government may not-they they put him in my room and I had company then.
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Those four and four. Those four and four.
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And they used to bring our mails into the [...] place to formulate. I had only been there about a few months after pressing started and the chap who. And they used to bring our mails into the [...] place to formulate. I had only been there about a few months after pressing started and the chap who.
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Who's wife Anna? Who's wife Anna?
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What they call the cookhouse, they're feeding all the cane cutters and all the shift workers and that's really. What they call the cookhouse, they're feeding all the cane cutters and all the shift workers and that's really.
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He had an argument with Mr. Rob Gibson who was the general manager at the time and he snatched it. He had an argument with Mr. Rob Gibson who was the general manager at the time and he snatched it.
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And he left being unethical cash. No-No cook there. And he left being unethical cash. No-No cook there.
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So someone said to me. So someone said to me.
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Well, listen, you would go to Mrs. Soft Machine, prepares good meals he had-she had to call the staff her boarding house, see. [Ros] Whereabouts is it out of-near Bingera?. [Kevin] At Bingera. One of the Bingera houses, she was there. Well, listen, you would go to Mrs. Soft Machine, prepares good meals he had-she had to call the staff her boarding house, see. [Ros] Whereabouts is it out of-near Bingera?. [Kevin] At Bingera. One of the Bingera houses, she was there.
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And so I wanted this. And so I wanted this.
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Went to see them there and. Went to see them there and.
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And I lived in there. And I lived in there.
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But barracks, they called him what? It wasn't barracks. So these rooms and I went to her and had [...] was there. But barracks, they called him what? It wasn't barracks. So these rooms and I went to her and had [...] was there.
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Well, that time I met, I met a wife. Well, that time I met, I met a wife.
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You want to be anyway. You want to be anyway.
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I stayed there, then to. I stayed there, then to.
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Ohh what time? What year was 1940-1948? Late 1948? Ohh what time? What year was 1940-1948? Late 1948?
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Early 1940, I moved up to their rooms. Early 1940, I moved up to their rooms.
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[Ros] And how did you meet your wife? [Kevin] I met her there. That's the first night at the when I went to get my meals. So anyway. [Ros] And how did you meet your wife? [Kevin] I met her there. That's the first night at the when I went to get my meals. So anyway.
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I-I was up there. I-I was up there.
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And er. And er.
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I lost my chance. I lost my chance.
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[Ros] What are you getting your meal at? [Ros] What are you getting your meal at?
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[Kevin] People are saying that. [Kevin] People are saying that.
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Ohh, I know that. I'm sorry. Ohh, I know that. I'm sorry.
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In 1940, we were engaged for a number of years, my wife and I, and then I was too poor to get married and she would live dangerously. In 1940, we were engaged for a number of years, my wife and I, and then I was too poor to get married and she would live dangerously.
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So I said wait till I get a deposit of my house. I put those on this in 1947. So I said wait till I get a deposit of my house. I put those on this in 1947.
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And uh. And uh.
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We were making plans to get married in 1940, Eleven at the end of 1948. We were making plans to get married in 1940, Eleven at the end of 1948.
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And her mother got sick and died. And her mother got sick and died.
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Died suddenly. Died suddenly.
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Two months before we were married. Two months before we were married.
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So we come in here, set up a home in here. So we come in here, set up a home in here.
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[Ros] And you've lived here ever since. [Kevin] I've lived here since I lost my wife level 6 years ago. [Ros] And you've lived here ever since. [Kevin] I've lived here since I lost my wife level 6 years ago.
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We have three sons all growing up and my daughter. We have three sons all growing up and my daughter.
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At the present time of that. At the present time of that.
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And the seven grandchildren. And the seven grandchildren.
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[Ros] And though you came into the Milliquin Mill, was it? [Kevin] I came into the Milliquin. Come in the Milliquin. I left the family. I won't work the family six weeks and I've worked. [Ros] And though you came into the Milliquin Mill, was it? [Kevin] I came into the Milliquin. Come in the Milliquin. I left the family. I won't work the family six weeks and I've worked.
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Ohh, long hours there and it got me a bit of blood pressure. The doctor told me it love my blood pressure, blow my head off see. She says you have to slow down. So job come up at Milliquin. One moment then. Ohh, long hours there and it got me a bit of blood pressure. The doctor told me it love my blood pressure, blow my head off see. She says you have to slow down. So job come up at Milliquin. One moment then.
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Worked at Milligan. Worked at Milligan.
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For a couple of years and then later on I went up. I was the boiler fitter. I was the boiler fitter for 11 years. Another one. For a couple of years and then later on I went up. I was the boiler fitter. I was the boiler fitter for 11 years. Another one.
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I nearly bolted much boilers because I had a ticket. I nearly bolted much boilers because I had a ticket.
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They put the responsibility on me to see they're all right so. They put the responsibility on me to see they're all right so.
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Everything was hunky Dory, you know. Everything was hunky Dory, you know.
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I didn't have to worry about that bolier because I kept it in good order. I didn't have to worry about that bolier because I kept it in good order.
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[Ros] You were telling me a story when I was speaking to you about some equipment that blew up. Were you there when that happened? [Kevin] That that happened. [Ros] You were telling me a story when I was speaking to you about some equipment that blew up. Were you there when that happened? [Kevin] That that happened.
11:57

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Well, I was at danger when one blew up. It wasn't a very big one. Well, I was at danger when one blew up. It wasn't a very big one.
12:01

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Another one lived at Milliquin. Another one lived at Milliquin.
12:04

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After I've been over there several years. After I've been over there several years.
12:06

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And hang a minute there's a big fan. And hang a minute there's a big fan.
12:10

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It's forcing the draft for all the boilers in the middle. The whole lot of the boilers and it was quite a boiler complex at Milliquin. And this fan blew up because it's a weekend job, then we had to rebuild it over the weekend to get going again. It's forcing the draft for all the boilers in the middle. The whole lot of the boilers and it was quite a boiler complex at Milliquin. And this fan blew up because it's a weekend job, then we had to rebuild it over the weekend to get going again.
12:26

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[Ros?] Anybody injured? [Kevin] Hm? Nobody is injured, but I had the remote control, you know, and I had snaps of, but I don't have them. [Ros?] Anybody injured? [Kevin] Hm? Nobody is injured, but I had the remote control, you know, and I had snaps of, but I don't have them.
12:35

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Haven't got email, I can't find them. Haven't got email, I can't find them.
12:40

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So I worked at a boiler fitter until 19. So I worked at a boiler fitter until 19.
12:44

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1964. 1964.
12:45

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And running that from 1964 and 1977 when I retired. And running that from 1964 and 1977 when I retired.
12:51

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When I retired, all that time lovers and after all that time was a president of the Union for eight years and vice and the number of years. When I retired, all that time lovers and after all that time was a president of the Union for eight years and vice and the number of years.
12:59

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When I when I become 65, although everyone has finished on the 61st, 65th birthday. When I when I become 65, although everyone has finished on the 61st, 65th birthday.
13:05

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They told me I could stay on another year. They told me I could stay on another year.
13:08

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[Ros] And did you? [Kevin] I stayed on for four months. [Ros] And did you? [Kevin] I stayed on for four months.
13:10

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And give it away. And give it away.
13:13

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[Ros] And it was a good company to work for? [Kevin] As the best. You couldn't find a better company than Mulligan as it was then. [Ros] And it was a good company to work for? [Kevin] As the best. You couldn't find a better company than Mulligan as it was then.
13:20

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Everyone's on 1st names, chief moment everyone, first name, letter. Everyone's on 1st names, chief moment everyone, first name, letter.
13:26

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Really good crowd, that's. It's not like a day. It's different now. Really good crowd, that's. It's not like a day. It's different now.
13:30

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[Ros] And about how many were working there then? [Kevin] Ohh I can't. [Ros Just a rough figure. [Ros] And about how many were working there then? [Kevin] Ohh I can't. [Ros Just a rough figure.
13:35

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[Kevin] I suppose. [Kevin] I suppose.
13:37

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Chase me that 2530. Chase me that 2530.
13:41

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This assistance and libraries and engine drives and all that sort of thing. This assistance and libraries and engine drives and all that sort of thing.
13:46

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But uh. But uh.
13:49

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And they should be. The crashing is a seasonal thing, Yeah. Yeah. But that didn't affect you where you were. No, no, we're full time. When they sack, what do you call a sack season? They're not crashing. And they should be. The crashing is a seasonal thing, Yeah. Yeah. But that didn't affect you where you were. No, no, we're full time. When they sack, what do you call a sack season? They're not crashing.
14:02

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The. The.
14:04

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They rule over there and all that, sugar mill that. They rule over there and all that, sugar mill that.
14:08

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I know nothing about. I know nothing about.
14:10

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The second season is useful, Complete overhaul of all the machinery. Complete overhaul. The second season is useful, Complete overhaul of all the machinery. Complete overhaul.
14:16

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It was like pulling boilers to bits and pulling this and that. All the other machines, all the mills that we pulled out, rollers, Gray grooved and turned on, your rollers, put in, all that sort of thing was done and. It was like pulling boilers to bits and pulling this and that. All the other machines, all the mills that we pulled out, rollers, Gray grooved and turned on, your rollers, put in, all that sort of thing was done and.
14:28

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And I think they do it now, but it was full time job and these rollers were either the crushing rollers, yeah, the crushing roller, crushing middles, big rollers. They're they're growing like there are 7 feet long and about 3 1/2. And I think they do it now, but it was full time job and these rollers were either the crushing rollers, yeah, the crushing roller, crushing middles, big rollers. They're they're growing like there are 7 feet long and about 3 1/2.
14:44

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Well, 346 in diameter. Well, 346 in diameter.
14:46

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And they wait times and done. That's 10 tons of, well, they made in the world. They made them at the foundry. Yeah. The the, the shafts used to come up from Port Kembla Forge. And they wait times and done. That's 10 tons of, well, they made in the world. They made them at the foundry. Yeah. The the, the shafts used to come up from Port Kembla Forge.
14:58

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And they used to turn them at the foundry and put the put the shell on them. And they used to turn them at the foundry and put the put the shell on them.
15:04

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That is like the plural shared last for years and years and years. That is like the plural shared last for years and years and years.
15:08

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And sometimes they used to break the metal used to become crystallized and just cracked clean on big thing about about 15 inch in diameter crack off. And sometimes they used to break the metal used to become crystallized and just cracked clean on big thing about about 15 inch in diameter crack off.
15:18

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So anyway, yeah. So anyway, yeah.
15:21

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Right there. Shaft returned there for the boats. They were forced to court Kimbler. Right there. Shaft returned there for the boats. They were forced to court Kimbler.
15:27

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And we used to bring him up here. They used to bring him up here on the train, and they take him into the middle and they put the centers in them for the ladies and they wrap them down and then. And we used to bring him up here. They used to bring him up here on the train, and they take him into the middle and they put the centers in them for the ladies and they wrap them down and then.
15:37

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When they recommend they put them out in the weather for a couple of months, after it all, they shrink. Then you know all the stress. Get all the stress out of them and then put them in and finish them all. When they recommend they put them out in the weather for a couple of months, after it all, they shrink. Then you know all the stress. Get all the stress out of them and then put them in and finish them all.
15:48

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And where you shift work where you back on shift work at Millaquin on milliken. I work shift work in the slack because they put they put turns on and filters on. And where you shift work where you back on shift work at Millaquin on milliken. I work shift work in the slack because they put they put turns on and filters on.
15:59

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Afternoon and day shift. I work day shift 8:00 to 4:00 and then other shift to 4 to 12. Do you think that in the slack season and what about when the crushing season was on when the crushing season where we we worked 8:00 to 5:00? Afternoon and day shift. I work day shift 8:00 to 4:00 and then other shift to 4 to 12. Do you think that in the slack season and what about when the crushing season was on when the crushing season where we we worked 8:00 to 5:00?
16:14

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And did the maintenance on the weekend weekend maintenance and did you have? And did the maintenance on the weekend weekend maintenance and did you have?
16:22

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Did you have much to do with the the other departments in the mill or the company are very much everybody in together worked everywhere in the middle except on the sugar boilers? Did you have much to do with the the other departments in the mill or the company are very much everybody in together worked everywhere in the middle except on the sugar boilers?
16:34

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Are driven. Are driven.
16:35

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Crushing engines and vacuum pumps and all that sort of thing. Crushing engines and vacuum pumps and all that sort of thing.
16:39

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And. And.
16:41

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At Millikan. At Millikan.
16:46

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I did any fitting that was required, you know, might be a bit in the boys, might have been the pumps As for the staff. And then finally, finally I went permanently at the middle at the boilers. But in the early stages of I'd be probably doing a bit of fitting in the distillery or doing a bit in the refinery or doing a bit. I did any fitting that was required, you know, might be a bit in the boys, might have been the pumps As for the staff. And then finally, finally I went permanently at the middle at the boilers. But in the early stages of I'd be probably doing a bit of fitting in the distillery or doing a bit in the refinery or doing a bit.
17:05

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Crushing mill during the crushing time. Crushing mill during the crushing time.
17:08

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And then course. And then course.
17:10

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I've actually got this one job where I stayed all the time. I stayed around the boilers and the chief just say you stay around the boilers. Well, my, my. I've actually got this one job where I stayed all the time. I stayed around the boilers and the chief just say you stay around the boilers. Well, my, my.
17:19

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Staff engineer, You say you stay around the borders. There's nothing to do, just stay around in case something happens. So I stayed there around the borders all the time for about 9 years. Staff engineer, You say you stay around the borders. There's nothing to do, just stay around in case something happens. So I stayed there around the borders all the time for about 9 years.
17:29

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And did you miss moving around? And did you miss moving around?
17:31

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No, I I have walk around anywhere and like no one had changed. But I mean working, working and working. No, no, no, I like, I like it now you said you said you were involved with the union. You were the yes, I was the president for eight years and I was a branch officer for 25 years. No, I I have walk around anywhere and like no one had changed. But I mean working, working and working. No, no, no, I like, I like it now you said you said you were involved with the union. You were the yes, I was the president for eight years and I was a branch officer for 25 years.
17:49

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In union here it was, wasn't not me, not anymore. Unions have had at this present time. In union here it was, wasn't not me, not anymore. Unions have had at this present time.
17:55

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But they're very strong. But they're very strong.
17:58

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Here we were. We were strong at bingo, and Milliken was slack. Here we were. We were strong at bingo, and Milliken was slack.
18:03

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Now when when I went to Bingo Miller, when I sort of straightened out a bit and got a more instant. Now when when I went to Bingo Miller, when I sort of straightened out a bit and got a more instant.
18:09

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And in the in the time I was. And in the in the time I was.
18:14

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Presently Union or Vice President only to 4 conferences in Brisbane. Presently Union or Vice President only to 4 conferences in Brisbane.
18:19

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Now, as the state president for one of them, and this was a sugar mill union or a sugar industry alga, mated engineers union. Alright, it covered. It covered garages. Now, as the state president for one of them, and this was a sugar mill union or a sugar industry alga, mated engineers union. Alright, it covered. It covered garages.
18:29

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Family and all those, like all those shops that went on that time. Family and all those, like all those shops that went on that time.
18:33

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There's a. There's a.
18:35

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Or in the 1960s, there was Bonnells. Or in the 1960s, there was Bonnells.
18:38

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And those master built. And those master built.
18:41

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Part of manners. Part of manners.
18:43

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Good words and thoughts, brothers, all these were making. Good words and thoughts, brothers, all these were making.
18:47

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Houses, you know, trying to make houses. In the end, I think TOPS made the list, half the harvester. And of course Tufts is a big business that way. They're not called talks anymore. They call it more stuff in there. But the two brothers? Houses, you know, trying to make houses. In the end, I think TOPS made the list, half the harvester. And of course Tufts is a big business that way. They're not called talks anymore. They call it more stuff in there. But the two brothers?
19:01

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Who started off the tops? Who started off the tops?
19:03

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Diabetes. Diabetes.
19:05

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They both passed on. They both passed on.
19:07

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But the elder brother, I think I tell you about him before Joe talked. He's still alive. I was talking to his son the other day and he said he thought he might have very very interested in this sort of thing. Ohh yes I shall follow him up. And so was there. This is a strange question but. But the elder brother, I think I tell you about him before Joe talked. He's still alive. I was talking to his son the other day and he said he thought he might have very very interested in this sort of thing. Ohh yes I shall follow him up. And so was there. This is a strange question but.
19:26

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Was the when I say was the union? Did the union never have to get? Was the when I say was the union? Did the union never have to get?
19:33

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Strong with the employers. It was a very good quarter relationship. I I take your bag, but now the first year I worked at Bingara. Strong with the employers. It was a very good quarter relationship. I I take your bag, but now the first year I worked at Bingara.
19:41

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I come from Poland. Those down. If she got that prior to going to college scene When I asked the woman was I got garnishes or statue holidays and taught my saying you'll leave? I come from Poland. Those down. If she got that prior to going to college scene When I asked the woman was I got garnishes or statue holidays and taught my saying you'll leave?
19:52

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And then when I come up here to get my first pay at the end of the year. And then when I come up here to get my first pay at the end of the year.
19:57

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I said. I said.
19:58

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Coming and telling me I'll just be stood down for eight weeks. Coming and telling me I'll just be stood down for eight weeks.
20:02

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So I got me fortnight paid paid fortnight at that time. So I got me fortnight paid paid fortnight at that time.
20:05

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Fortnight pay. Fortnight pay.
20:07

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And not hang around a bit And my blog said, what are you hanging around for? What do you want? I said Where's my holiday pay? I said. And not hang around a bit And my blog said, what are you hanging around for? What do you want? I said Where's my holiday pay? I said.
20:13

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Is holiday pay. You don't get holiday pay and the sugar instruction, don't you? Is holiday pay. You don't get holiday pay and the sugar instruction, don't you?
20:18

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No, you don't get me so only staff members, all of those on weekly rates where we were called hourly hirings, we never hold that. No, you don't get me so only staff members, all of those on weekly rates where we were called hourly hirings, we never hold that.
20:27

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So I set myself out there. I went to the union meetings and I I kicked off fascism. So I set myself out there. I went to the union meetings and I I kicked off fascism.
20:33

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And I move the motion. And I move the motion.
20:34

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That we contact all the unions in the solar industry. That we contact all the unions in the solar industry.
20:39

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Sightline. Sightline.
20:41

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You get him to canvas for. You get him to canvas for.
20:43

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And you'll leave and statue. Honest. And it took us 11 years. And you'll leave and statue. Honest. And it took us 11 years.
20:48

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In 1953 we had a three-week strike. In 1953 we had a three-week strike.
20:51

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All metals around here. All metals around here.
20:53

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All the casement. All the casement.
20:55

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And at the at the end of that strike we got a very good settlement. We had that 27 and six which would be two dollars $4.70, no $2.75. And at the at the end of that strike we got a very good settlement. We had that 27 and six which would be two dollars $4.70, no $2.75.
21:06

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Increase plus all Saturday holidays plus two weeks annual leave. So it's worth fighting for. And you you were getting shift loading and things like that. You had to fight for that too. We had to get a we we fought to get a shift loading. Increase plus all Saturday holidays plus two weeks annual leave. So it's worth fighting for. And you you were getting shift loading and things like that. You had to fight for that too. We had to get a we we fought to get a shift loading.
21:21

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And. And.
21:23

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Besides that later on what they call a 17 1/2 percent loading, which was that was, I don't, I don't know too much about that but we got that too so that but there been a holiday. The holiday pay loading it sounds like the right well we gotta pay the holiday time. Yeah I was on the holidays too. Besides that later on what they call a 17 1/2 percent loading, which was that was, I don't, I don't know too much about that but we got that too so that but there been a holiday. The holiday pay loading it sounds like the right well we gotta pay the holiday time. Yeah I was on the holidays too.
21:41

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Anybody here? Anybody here?
21:43

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Did you find a lot of resistance from the workers? Were they were when I first, when I first went to Bangla, had a bit of resistance from that indigent tradesman because they thought I shouldn't be there. See, I hadn't said in the princip. Did you find a lot of resistance from the workers? Were they were when I first, when I first went to Bangla, had a bit of resistance from that indigent tradesman because they thought I shouldn't be there. See, I hadn't said in the princip.
21:56

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And as I told you before, I said I I proved I could do the job. He could have Central Park in the new certificate and got it. But when you were organising for the trade union where they were the members already, were the workers already in the union or you had, you know, the canvas, They're very unique, you know, really nice, very unionized. And as I told you before, I said I I proved I could do the job. He could have Central Park in the new certificate and got it. But when you were organising for the trade union where they were the members already, were the workers already in the union or you had, you know, the canvas, They're very unique, you know, really nice, very unionized.
22:14

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But they obviously just happened. Very good. Pushed it too far. Now they're very unionized, but we didn't go about things on Mad Way. But they obviously just happened. Very good. Pushed it too far. Now they're very unionized, but we didn't go about things on Mad Way.
22:22

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But we had conference with the middle managers. We had what they called a. But we had conference with the middle managers. We had what they called a.
22:28

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Committee there's couple from the different mills around. We met all the managers. Committee there's couple from the different mills around. We met all the managers.
22:33

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Of all the mills and we haven't had a conference, roundtable conference. Of all the mills and we haven't had a conference, roundtable conference.
22:37

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And I agree, there a lot of things which. And I agree, there a lot of things which.
22:39

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We wanted somebody didn't get, but mostly satisfaction. We wanted somebody didn't get, but mostly satisfaction.
22:44

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It's really good time actually, when I worked in mills. It's really good time actually, when I worked in mills.
22:48

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But it's not so good now this present time. But it's not so good now this present time.
22:52

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With the new company taking over here. With the new company taking over here.
22:56

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They hire a lot of. They hire a lot of.
22:59

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Contract labor. Contract labor.
23:01

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And their policies are not to put on any new. And their policies are not to put on any new.
23:05

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You tradesman of insult. You tradesman of insult.
23:07

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When the ones were out now or retired, they replaced with contract workers. When the ones were out now or retired, they replaced with contract workers.
23:13

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Which is not good for you anymore. Which is not good for you anymore.
23:16

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Because contract workers, they don't care what they. Because contract workers, they don't care what they.
23:19

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Well, they have not not compulsory to be any any using if they don't want. Well, they have not not compulsory to be any any using if they don't want.
23:23

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And would they be local people or brought in from elsewhere? Well, sometimes they come other places. And would they be local people or brought in from elsewhere? Well, sometimes they come other places.
23:29

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And sometimes they're not all the satisfactory either, because. And sometimes they're not all the satisfactory either, because.
23:34

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My son, he's still works Miller when he's been there, he's he's 31st year at Milacron now and he said sometimes I get the electricians in there. My son, he's still works Miller when he's been there, he's he's 31st year at Milacron now and he said sometimes I get the electricians in there.
23:43

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On contract. And they'll do things and they'll leave things dangerously. On contract. And they'll do things and they'll leave things dangerously.
23:47

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Which they wouldn't. Which they wouldn't.
23:49

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And they they gotta check everything out of the contract. And they they gotta check everything out of the contract.
23:53

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Trading between into make sure there's nothing. Trading between into make sure there's nothing.
23:56

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After work for damage. After work for damage.
23:59

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But are you answered one question. I was going to ask if any of your any of your sons for or and daughters followed you into the sugar and well industry. It's a male son. He's an electrician at Milliken. He's been there 31 years now. Ohh he in his 31st year and my second my youngest boy he is a he served his apprenticeship there. But are you answered one question. I was going to ask if any of your any of your sons for or and daughters followed you into the sugar and well industry. It's a male son. He's an electrician at Milliken. He's been there 31 years now. Ohh he in his 31st year and my second my youngest boy he is a he served his apprenticeship there.
24:16

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But at the present time he's works for the contract. But at the present time he's works for the contract.
24:21

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Overhauling on mine mining material, mining engineers, engines naturally. Ohh damn this. Yeah. Overhauling on mine mining material, mining engineers, engines naturally. Ohh damn this. Yeah.
24:31

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Yeah, he goes up to. Yeah, he goes up to.
24:33

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Minds and they close their minds, pass their minds and they. Minds and they close their minds, pass their minds and they.
24:37

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Get the contract. Get the contract.
24:39

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Fitted and turn it in and so forth and. Fitted and turn it in and so forth and.
24:41

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Do that maintenance. Do that maintenance.
24:43

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And and do you see this, you see the sugar industry as always being a very important part of I think a very important, very important manner though. And and do you see this, you see the sugar industry as always being a very important part of I think a very important, very important manner though.
24:52

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It still is on me. It still is on me.
24:54

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So very important. They're closed. They're closed. Cornada, one of the mills, yeah, Granada was well, years ago when Milligan first started up, they got in dire straits. So very important. They're closed. They're closed. Cornada, one of the mills, yeah, Granada was well, years ago when Milligan first started up, they got in dire straits.
25:07

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And they were. And they were.
25:08

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And the Queens and National Bank. And the Queens and National Bank.
25:11

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Instead of foreclosing on them, I think. Instead of foreclosing on them, I think.
25:14

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Canada's Queen National Bank took an interest in it. Canada's Queen National Bank took an interest in it.
25:18

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And. And.
25:20

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At that time, they had Michael Gang. At that time, they had Michael Gang.
25:24

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Might think Canada knows going, but if you think of Kanab as the name, Canada is made-up of QUNAPA Queen Mission Bank. Might think Canada knows going, but if you think of Kanab as the name, Canada is made-up of QUNAPA Queen Mission Bank.
25:35

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Perfect. close that down a few years ago. Most of the trade then went into medical nor the other mills because they at that time. Perfect. close that down a few years ago. Most of the trade then went into medical nor the other mills because they at that time.
25:44

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When I first went to medical was Millican Sugar Company and they had nothing to do with the others. When I first went to medical was Millican Sugar Company and they had nothing to do with the others.
25:50

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But your son has Bangra. But your son has Bangra.
25:53

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And very made. And very made.
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Had bought out gin gin and formed the motherboard sugar company. Had bought out gin gin and formed the motherboard sugar company.
26:00

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And Canada? And Canada?
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Had on their own. Had on their own.
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Because later on. Because later on.
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Milliken. Milliken.
26:10

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Players cannot or they didn't collect club or laptop. Players cannot or they didn't collect club or laptop.
26:13

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So soon but. So soon but.
26:16

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Milton joined the. Milton joined the.
26:18

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Sandwich shop company or accepting them and they closed Canada. Sandwich shop company or accepting them and they closed Canada.
26:24

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So you had the three then the amount, we only had three mills. Now they're all on the one company. That companies are foreign company. I call a foreign company because it's owned by the English. So you had the three then the amount, we only had three mills. Now they're all on the one company. That companies are foreign company. I call a foreign company because it's owned by the English.
26:34

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We have no say in underneath sugar at all whatsoever. We have no say in underneath sugar at all whatsoever.
26:38

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They their company is not even listed in Australia. They their company is not even listed in Australia.
26:43

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And would would you do the same again with with the way you did in the in the, in the thing? So you know, faith, faith plays, a funny thing doesn't. And would would you do the same again with with the way you did in the in the, in the thing? So you know, faith, faith plays, a funny thing doesn't.
26:54

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Ohh think what had happened if I had not take my job. Ohh think what had happened if I had not take my job.
26:58

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Indifferent, wouldn't it? It certainly would have. Umm. Indifferent, wouldn't it? It certainly would have. Umm.
27:02

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You know a lot of, a lot of the chaps who are getting trained, they're going to Adelaide or South Australia. You know a lot of, a lot of the chaps who are getting trained, they're going to Adelaide or South Australia.
27:08

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Victoria, NSW. Victoria, NSW.
27:11

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At Newcastle Works. At Newcastle Works.
27:14

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Most of them are. Most of them are.
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Very happy and getting to the rail workshops and Ipswich where I didn't want to go. Very happy and getting to the rail workshops and Ipswich where I didn't want to go.
27:20

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With 6000 employed there at that time. With 6000 employed there at that time.
27:23

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And that you get on to a repetition work, You know, you'd be telling the one thing for years which wasn't in my line is said to be in our maintenance jobs. With the maintenance job, you get different things every day. And that you get on to a repetition work, You know, you'd be telling the one thing for years which wasn't in my line is said to be in our maintenance jobs. With the maintenance job, you get different things every day.
27:36

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And was there a social group or social club with the with the mills, did you have an active nothing, nothing, nothing out of Bingara? But when I went to Milligan, but years before I went to medical, I had a what they call a Millican welfare society. And was there a social group or social club with the with the mills, did you have an active nothing, nothing, nothing out of Bingara? But when I went to Milligan, but years before I went to medical, I had a what they call a Millican welfare society.
27:50

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And I did great things there, they. And I did great things there, they.
27:52

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When you got unemployed, you paid so much a weekend and he's beginning his trip. It's a week. When you got unemployed, you paid so much a weekend and he's beginning his trip. It's a week.
27:58

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Later on got about two shillings I think were $0.20 later on. Later on got about two shillings I think were $0.20 later on.
28:01

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And if you've got six, I'd pay you something like $3 a week. If you're all sick for a week, I take it you wouldn't getting sick pay then under any and you were getting it wouldn't went to end of pay with your sick pay or or the. And if you've got six, I'd pay you something like $3 a week. If you're all sick for a week, I take it you wouldn't getting sick pay then under any and you were getting it wouldn't went to end of pay with your sick pay or or the.
28:17

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What do you call it? The. What do you call it? The.
28:20

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OK. OK.
28:22

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Holiday pay? No, no, they pay. Holiday pay? No, no, they pay.
28:26

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Conversation if your own conversation or sick or sick, just sick at home. Conversation if your own conversation or sick or sick, just sick at home.
28:32

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You still got paid $3 a week. You still got paid $3 a week.
28:35

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Of course, every year they had a picnic. Of course, every year they had a picnic.
28:38

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We we did. They have the picnic, very different places or mostly at Bergara, enter Bagara and they have a foot race and all this sort of thing down there. We we did. They have the picnic, very different places or mostly at Bergara, enter Bagara and they have a foot race and all this sort of thing down there.
28:47

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And that was different to the old surf. And that was different to the old surf.
28:51

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This carnival they had every year but Bogaras that when the train was still running or no the king was I I've been I have been down to Begada but not for a picnic like that. They'll what they call it railway picnic years ago and Easter and the train from under the. This carnival they had every year but Bogaras that when the train was still running or no the king was I I've been I have been down to Begada but not for a picnic like that. They'll what they call it railway picnic years ago and Easter and the train from under the.
29:06

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But later on, they pulled that line up. But later on, they pulled that line up.
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It went down past Kanava. It went down past Kanava.
29:11

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And from Canada to the coast, they pulled it up and there's no more trains down there then. And from Canada to the coast, they pulled it up and there's no more trains down there then.
29:15

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And. And.
29:17

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I don't know that I don't even have a railway picnic now but at least be a railroad picnic. My head trains from all around the place like maybe another place come on to to Bundaberg at the car and we have a great show down there. So the ones that were run by the mill would you just made your own way down was on it. That was on the monopolies that million ploy for. I don't know that I don't even have a railway picnic now but at least be a railroad picnic. My head trains from all around the place like maybe another place come on to to Bundaberg at the car and we have a great show down there. So the ones that were run by the mill would you just made your own way down was on it. That was on the monopolies that million ploy for.
29:37

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And their families and their families. And their families and their families.
29:42

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And it wasn't, it's not nice picnics. Everything was laid on, you know, by the company, by the welfare society. Ohh right. The company was very, very generous too. And they did a lot. And it wasn't, it's not nice picnics. Everything was laid on, you know, by the company, by the welfare society. Ohh right. The company was very, very generous too. And they did a lot.
29:55

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They did a lot for the welfare society. They did a lot for the welfare society.
29:59

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How have I got on? Ever thought there was? How have I got on? Ever thought there was?
30:02

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Companies like Milligan after being there for a while because it have a great crowd. Companies like Milligan after being there for a while because it have a great crowd.
30:09

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Can you think of any particular instances that stand out in your mind? Can you think of any particular instances that stand out in your mind?
30:14

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Tragic it will. Another couple of tragics. Ones Would you, would you mind talking about then? No, not really. Yeah. Tragic it will. Another couple of tragics. Ones Would you, would you mind talking about then? No, not really. Yeah.
30:23

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When I was working in bingo on that light up there. When I was working in bingo on that light up there.
30:28

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The toilet was there. The toilet was there.
30:30

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Past what they call the. Past what they call the.
30:33

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Boom. How Carbuncle. Boom. How Carbuncle.
30:37

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And I went to the toilet and I come back and an old Englishman there, digging A trench about 3 foot deep, about two feet wide, right beside this coal bunker. And I went to the toilet and I come back and an old Englishman there, digging A trench about 3 foot deep, about two feet wide, right beside this coal bunker.
30:47

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And I went to captain and I said. And I went to captain and I said.
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See Jack, I said. That doesn't look safe. He said to me. He said love, he said. I've done foundries. See Jack, I said. That doesn't look safe. He said to me. He said love, he said. I've done foundries.
30:58

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1000. 1000.
30:59

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So other just doesn't excite me. Joke went back to my life and within 10 minutes. So other just doesn't excite me. Joke went back to my life and within 10 minutes.
31:05

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The brick the concrete does brick wall was standing on gave away and crushed him. The brick the concrete does brick wall was standing on gave away and crushed him.
31:11

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And he's held across the middle. And he's held across the middle.
31:14

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By the wall on the where he dug the bank and he died. By the wall on the where he dug the bank and he died.